Lecture 1 - intro Flashcards
What are nutrients required to provide?
- ) Energy to synthesize body components
- ) Energy for transport of molecules, heat production (maintain body temp) and motility
- ) essential body components
What developments drove change of focus?
- ) completion of large genome projects
- ) macro and micro nutrients that are dietary signals that affect metabolic programming of cells.
- ) genetic predisposition - links to diabetes type 2 or cancers
- ) integration of genetics and epigenetics into nutrition
What is phenotypic variability?
is based on inter individual genetic variation
what does glucose increase?
it increases the transcription of glucokinase
what does fe increase?
it increases the translation for the synthesis of ferritin
what does vitamin k increase?
it increases theist translational carboxylation of glutamic acid residues and the synthesis of prothrombin
carbohydrate rich diet modifies …… gene expression
hepatic
polymorphism types ?
qualitative vs quantitive
qualitative polymorphism?
-affect the sequence itself: SNP - single nucleotide polymorphisms SND - single nucleotide deletions Deletions Duplications Insertions
quantitive polymorphism?
affect the copy number
The inherited genotype differences in DNA sequence contribute to ….. and to differences in …. in response to the environment
- phenotypic variation
- disease risk
genotype variations minor vs severe pathological conditions?
minor:
lactose intolerence
Severe:
phenylketonuria, obesity, sickle cell anaemia
nutrients after interacting with a receptor behave as …… that can bind to …… and acutely induce ……
- transcription factors
- DNA
- gene expression
nutrients can alter the structure of …… so that gene expression is …..
DNA
chronically altered
genetic variations can alter the …….. or ….. of genes
expression or functionality
