Lecture 10 - diets Flashcards
What does a high protein diet consist of?
upto 220 G protein depending on the persons weight and % of body with burns.
What is a high protein diet required for ?
Required for conditions like burn victim, after trauma, and wound healing
Why does a burn victim need more protein?
to cover skin loss, blood protein loss from the burn and infection.
What is a low protein diet?
protein restriction with only about 20-40 g of protein taken in daily
Why a low protein diet?
management of disorders associated with liver and renal dysfunction.
Where should protein be eaten from when on a low protein diet and why ?
milk, eggs, meat, fish, and poultry because protein from these foods provides the greatest amount of essential amino acids.
how many calories is one gram of fat, carb, and protein?
fat - 9 kcal
carb - 4 kcal
protein - 4 kcal
What consists of a type 1 diabetic diet?
Patient will be on insulin injections and so it is important to manage the carb intake. Some carbs act faster on blood sugar than others and so only when a patient has low blood sugar, should they eat a fast acting carb. This will be easily digested and absorbed.
What consists of a type 2 diabetic diet?
If person overweight - weight reduction diet like reduce fat, balanced diet, varied diet, healthy eating
If person prescribed tablets (oral hypoglycaemic agents) - meal and snack times should be coordinated with prescription
What is a weight reduction diet?
Portion control Balanced menus better food preparation Meal planning Healthy eating guide increase levels of physical activity
What is a low cholesterol diet?
- Reduce the intake of saturated fats and increase the intake of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats.
- Adequate fibre intake
- balance calorie intake and expenditure to maintain desirable body weight and prevent weight gain
When is a low fat diet used ?
Used in the treatment of liver disease and pancreatic disease. Also malabsorption syndromes where digestion, absorption is impaired. Like the chronic inflammation of gallbladder and pancreas. Also, gastro oesophageal reflux.
What is a low fat diet?
- Take low fat dairy products like milk or yoghurt
- Have lean meat, fish and poultry (no sausages)
- Lower fat cheeses
- avoid cream of soups
- reduce intake of fats and oils, dressings and sauces containing oil in them , cream
- reduce intake of chocolate, fudge, toffees, creamy desserts
What is a high fibre diet?
- increase intake of wholegrain cereals
- increase intake of fruit and veg
- decrease intake of refined carbs
- increase intake of fluid (2L a day)
What is a low fibre diet?
- low residue diet
- prescribed after bowel inflammation (diverticulitis, crohns, ulcerative colitis or after surgery)
- consists of easily digested foods leaving very little residue in the bowel
- white bread, Rice Krispies., potato, milk, pudding, jelly, ice cream
What is a low salt diet?
- Prescribed to patients with high blood pressure and heart failure (leading to oedema), coronary heart disease, stroke
- no salt at table
- no salty foods like tinned foods, crisps, snacks
What diet for coronary heart disease?
reduce fat and salt
What diet for stroke?
reduce fat and alcohol
What diet for diabetes ?
no sugar and if overweight reduce calories
What diet for obesity?
reduce calories
What diet for gall bladder problem or gallstones?
reduce fat
What diet for stomach ulcer?
reduce fat and avoid spicy foods
What diet for constipation?
increase fibre and fluids
What diet for coeliac disease?
avoid gluten
What diet for iron deficiency anaemia?
increase iron
What diet for dental caries?
soft diet or food chopped up
What diet for malnutrition ?
increase protein, and calories
What diet for leg ulcer?
increase protein
What diet for swallowing difficulties?
soft diet
What diet for allergies?
identify allergy
What diet for gastro oesophageal reflux?
reduce fat, avoid very hot drinks, spicy food
Why should someone eat a texture modified diet?
- at risk of chocking or aspiration (food or liquid going to airway)
- reasons to suspect an increase risk of dysphagia (swallowing difficulties):
- lot of medication
- has slurred or unclear language
- excessive saliva
- poor dentition
- General poor physical health
Foods to avoid for this that should be on a texture modified diet?
- peas, sweetcorn, fruits or veg with skins
- peanut butter
- dry crumbly foods like rice or bread
- dry meats
- hard nuts
- whole veg
- whole fruit
What is a pureed diet?
- custard
- chocolate mousse
- smooth fruit mousse
- ice cream
- etc.
What is a gluten free diet?
people with coeliac disease
- diet for life
- no wheat, oats, barley and rye
- can be low win fibre and many gluten free foods are processed
