Lecture 10 - diets

Question 1

What does a high protein diet consist of?

Answer 1

upto 220 G protein depending on the persons weight and % of body with burns.

Question 2

What is a high protein diet required for ?

Answer 2

Required for conditions like burn victim, after trauma, and wound healing

Question 3

Why does a burn victim need more protein?

Answer 3

to cover skin loss, blood protein loss from the burn and infection.

Question 4

What is a low protein diet?

Answer 4

protein restriction with only about 20-40 g of protein taken in daily

Question 5

Why a low protein diet?

Answer 5

management of disorders associated with liver and renal dysfunction.

Question 6

Where should protein be eaten from when on a low protein diet and why ?

Answer 6

milk, eggs, meat, fish, and poultry because protein from these foods provides the greatest amount of essential amino acids.

Question 7

how many calories is one gram of fat, carb, and protein?

Answer 7

fat - 9 kcal
carb - 4 kcal
protein - 4 kcal

Question 8

What consists of a type 1 diabetic diet?

Answer 8

Patient will be on insulin injections and so it is important to manage the carb intake. Some carbs act faster on blood sugar than others and so only when a patient has low blood sugar, should they eat a fast acting carb. This will be easily digested and absorbed.

Question 9

What consists of a type 2 diabetic diet?

Answer 9

If person overweight - weight reduction diet like reduce fat, balanced diet, varied diet, healthy eating

If person prescribed tablets (oral hypoglycaemic agents) - meal and snack times should be coordinated with prescription

Question 10

What is a weight reduction diet?

Answer 10

Portion control 
Balanced menus 
better food preparation 
Meal planning 
Healthy eating guide 
increase levels of physical activity

Question 11

What is a low cholesterol diet?

Answer 11

• Reduce the intake of saturated fats and increase the intake of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats.
• Adequate fibre intake
• balance calorie intake and expenditure to maintain desirable body weight and prevent weight gain

Question 12

When is a low fat diet used ?

Answer 12

Used in the treatment of liver disease and pancreatic disease. Also malabsorption syndromes where digestion, absorption is impaired. Like the chronic inflammation of gallbladder and pancreas. Also, gastro oesophageal reflux.

Question 13

What is a low fat diet?

Answer 13

• Take low fat dairy products like milk or yoghurt
• Have lean meat, fish and poultry (no sausages)
• Lower fat cheeses
• avoid cream of soups
• reduce intake of fats and oils, dressings and sauces containing oil in them , cream
• reduce intake of chocolate, fudge, toffees, creamy desserts

Question 14

What is a high fibre diet?

Answer 14

• increase intake of wholegrain cereals
• increase intake of fruit and veg
• decrease intake of refined carbs
• increase intake of fluid (2L a day)

Question 15

What is a low fibre diet?

Answer 15

• low residue diet
• prescribed after bowel inflammation (diverticulitis, crohns, ulcerative colitis or after surgery)
• consists of easily digested foods leaving very little residue in the bowel
• white bread, Rice Krispies., potato, milk, pudding, jelly, ice cream

Question 16

What is a low salt diet?

Answer 16

• Prescribed to patients with high blood pressure and heart failure (leading to oedema), coronary heart disease, stroke
• no salt at table
• no salty foods like tinned foods, crisps, snacks

Question 17

What diet for coronary heart disease?

Answer 17

reduce fat and salt

Question 18

What diet for stroke?

Answer 18

reduce fat and alcohol

Question 19

What diet for diabetes ?

Answer 19

no sugar and if overweight reduce calories

Question 20

What diet for obesity?

Answer 20

reduce calories

Question 21

What diet for gall bladder problem or gallstones?

Answer 21

reduce fat

Question 22

What diet for stomach ulcer?

Answer 22

reduce fat and avoid spicy foods

Question 23

What diet for constipation?

Answer 23

increase fibre and fluids

Question 24

What diet for coeliac disease?

Answer 24

avoid gluten

Question 25

What diet for iron deficiency anaemia?

Answer 25

increase iron

Question 26

What diet for dental caries?

Answer 26

soft diet or food chopped up

Question 27

What diet for malnutrition ?

Answer 27

increase protein, and calories

Question 28

What diet for leg ulcer?

Answer 28

increase protein

Question 29

What diet for swallowing difficulties?

Answer 29

soft diet

Question 30

What diet for allergies?

Answer 30

identify allergy

Question 31

What diet for gastro oesophageal reflux?

Answer 31

reduce fat, avoid very hot drinks, spicy food

Question 32

Why should someone eat a texture modified diet?

Answer 32

• at risk of chocking or aspiration (food or liquid going to airway)
• reasons to suspect an increase risk of dysphagia (swallowing difficulties):
• lot of medication
• has slurred or unclear language
• excessive saliva
• poor dentition
• General poor physical health

Question 33

Foods to avoid for this that should be on a texture modified diet?

Answer 33

• peas, sweetcorn, fruits or veg with skins
• peanut butter
• dry crumbly foods like rice or bread
• dry meats
• hard nuts
• whole veg
• whole fruit

Question 34

What is a pureed diet?

Answer 34

• custard
• chocolate mousse
• smooth fruit mousse
• ice cream
• etc.

Question 35

What is a gluten free diet?

Answer 35

people with coeliac disease

• diet for life
• no wheat, oats, barley and rye
• can be low win fibre and many gluten free foods are processed