Lecture 2 - Mendel's First Law Flashcards
alleles
different forms of a gene; abbreviation for “allelomorph”
which of Mendel’s 7 followed traits were dominant?
round seed, yellow casing of seed, white flower, non-wrinkled pod, green pod, axial pods and tall plant height
what are characteristics which can be observed?
phenotype
genes
a hereditary unit that occupies a specific position within the genome or chromosomes, which codes for the production of a specific protein or RNA
to what kind of organisms do Mendel’s laws apply to?
sexually reproducing
Diploid
2n
Haploid
n; single chromosomes; 23 chromosomes
somatic
skin/body cells; 2n, diploid in number; mitosis
sex cells
haploid, n
how many chromosomes does a human have?
46 chromosomes, 23 pairs
monohybrid
breeding two organisms and observing a single trait be passed down to the offspring
zygotes
initial cell that is formed when a sperm cell fertilizes an egg cell during sexual reproduction. It is the first cell of a new organism, and it contains all the genetic information necessary to develop into a complete individual.
monohybrid phenotypic ratio
3:1
monohybrid genotypic ratio
1:2:1
complete dominance
when an organism has the genotype consisting of both dominant alleles for a trait (AA)
locus
the position that a gene occupied in a chromosome or within a segment of genomic DNA
genotype
the genetic constitution of an organism, as distinguished from its physical appearance or phenotype
heterozygote
a diploid or polyploid individual that has inherited different alleles at one or more loci and therefore does not breed true
homozygote
having identical alleles in the corresponding loci of homologous chromosomes and therefore breeding true
phenotype
the observable properties of an organism, produced by the genotype in conjunction with the environment
characteristic
any detectable phenotypic property of an organism
