Lecture 2 - Mendel's First Law

Question 1

alleles

Answer 1

different forms of a gene; abbreviation for “allelomorph”

Question 2

which of Mendel’s 7 followed traits were dominant?

Answer 2

round seed, yellow casing of seed, white flower, non-wrinkled pod, green pod, axial pods and tall plant height

Question 3

what are characteristics which can be observed?

Answer 3

phenotype

Question 4

genes

Answer 4

a hereditary unit that occupies a specific position within the genome or chromosomes, which codes for the production of a specific protein or RNA

Question 5

to what kind of organisms do Mendel’s laws apply to?

Answer 5

sexually reproducing

Question 6

Diploid

Answer 6

2n

Question 7

Haploid

Answer 7

n; single chromosomes; 23 chromosomes

Question 8

somatic

Answer 8

skin/body cells; 2n, diploid in number; mitosis

Question 9

sex cells

Answer 9

haploid, n

Question 10

how many chromosomes does a human have?

Answer 10

46 chromosomes, 23 pairs

Question 11

monohybrid

Answer 11

breeding two organisms and observing a single trait be passed down to the offspring

Question 12

zygotes

Answer 12

initial cell that is formed when a sperm cell fertilizes an egg cell during sexual reproduction. It is the first cell of a new organism, and it contains all the genetic information necessary to develop into a complete individual.

Question 13

monohybrid phenotypic ratio

Answer 13

3:1

Question 14

monohybrid genotypic ratio

Answer 14

1:2:1

Question 15

complete dominance

Answer 15

when an organism has the genotype consisting of both dominant alleles for a trait (AA)

Question 16

locus

Answer 16

the position that a gene occupied in a chromosome or within a segment of genomic DNA

Question 17

genotype

Answer 17

the genetic constitution of an organism, as distinguished from its physical appearance or phenotype

Question 18

heterozygote

Answer 18

a diploid or polyploid individual that has inherited different alleles at one or more loci and therefore does not breed true

Question 19

homozygote

Answer 19

having identical alleles in the corresponding loci of homologous chromosomes and therefore breeding true

Question 20

phenotype

Answer 20

the observable properties of an organism, produced by the genotype in conjunction with the environment

Question 21

characteristic

Answer 21

any detectable phenotypic property of an organism