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Human Anatomy > Lecture 2: Joint Ventures > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Joint Ventures Flashcards

1
Q

Function of Joints

A

1) allow skeletal movement; 2) provide mechanical support; 3) hold skeleton together

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2
Q

Other Names for Joint

A

arthroses; articulations

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3
Q

Joint (Arthrosis)

A

site where two or more bones meet (may or may not permit movement)

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4
Q

Two bones may be in direct contact with each other or separated by:

A

cartilage; fluid; fibrous tissue

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5
Q

Joints are classified by..

A

function (range of motion) and structure

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6
Q

Functional Joint Types

A

1) synarthrosis; 2) amphiarthrosis; 3) diarthrosis

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7
Q

Synarthrosis

A

an immovable joint

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8
Q

Types of Synarthroses

A

1) suture; 2) gomphosis; 3) synchondrosis; 4) synostosis

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9
Q

Gomphosis

A

a synarthrotic joint between teeth and the jaw bone at which a periodontal ligament holds the teeth (peg joint)

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10
Q

Synchondrosis

A

a synarthrotic cartilaginous joint within the epiphysis of a bone that binds the diaphysis to the epiphysis

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11
Q

Synostosis

A

a synarthrotic joint between two fused bones and/or the fusion of three coxal bones

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12
Q

Squamous suture

A

most lateral suture on a parasagittal plane

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13
Q

Coronal suture

A

suture across the top of the forehead

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14
Q

Lambdoid suture

A

most posterior suture on the back of the skull (along the coronal plane)

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15
Q

Aveolar process

A

thickened ridge of bone that holds teeth in mouth

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16
Q

Amphiarthosis

A

slightly movable joint

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17
Q

Types of Amphiarthosis

A

1) syndesmosis; 2) symphysis

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18
Q

Syndesmosis

A

1) joint in which ligaments connect two bones but limit their motion (between radius and ulna; tibia and fibula); 2) may range from synarthrotic to amphiarthrotic, depending on fiber length

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19
Q

Interosseous Membrane

A

syndesmosis between the radius and ulna

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20
Q

Pubic Symphysis

A

symphysis between the coxal bones of the pelvis

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21
Q

Diarthrosis

A

freely movable joint

22
Q

Synovial Joint

A

diarthrotic joint

23
Q

Location of Synovial Joints

A

at the end of long bones

24
Q

Structural Types of Joints

A

1) bony fusion; 2) fibrous joint; 3) cartilaginous joint; 4) synovial joint

25
Q

Bony Fusion

A

more than one bone that fuses together during development; synarthrotic immovable joints (synostoses)

26
Q

Fibrous Joint

A

bones joined by dense fibrous connective tissue; skull sutures

27
Q

Cartilaginous Joint

A

1) bones united by cartilage; 2) not highly movable; 3) no fluid-filled joint cavity

28
Q

Synovial Joint

A

1) bones separated by fluid-filled joint cavity; 2) all diarthrotic; 3) includes all limb joints and most body joints; 4) have six basic characteristics

29
Q

Frontal Suture

A

bony fusion at the midline on the skull, between the orbitals

30
Q

Types of Fibrous Joints

A

1) Sutures; 2) Gomphoses; 3) Syndesmoses

31
Q

Sutures

A

1) rigid interlocking bone edge joints only in the skull; 2) immovable (synarthrotic) for brain protection; 3) contain short connective tissue fibers that allow for growth during youth; 4) ossify and fuse, forming synostoses in middle age

32
Q

Joint Type: Suture

A

fibrous synarthrotic joint

33
Q

Joint Type: Gomphoses

A

fibrous synarthrotic joint

34
Q

Joint Type: Syndesmoses

A

fibrous synarthrotic OR fibrous amphiarthrotic joint, depending on fiber length

35
Q

Types of Cartilaginous Joints

A

1) Symphyses; 2) Synchondroses

36
Q

Symphyses

A

1) joint at which fibrocartilage unites bone; 2) hyaline cartilage is additionally present to cushion ends of bones; 3) becomes and strong, flexible amphiarthroses

37
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

a cartilage type composed of a mix of white fibrous tissue (for strength) and cartilaginous tissue (for flexibility)

38
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

transparent, firm cartilage made partly of collagen and found on many joint surfaces

39
Q

Joint Type: Pubic Symphysis

A

cartilaginous amphiarthrotic joint

40
Q

Coastal Cartilage

A

bars of hyaline cartilage that are meant to prolong the ribs foreward and contribute to elasticity in the walls of the thorax

41
Q

Joint Type: Growth Plate Joints

A

cartilaginous synarthrotic synchodroses

42
Q

Joint Type: Costal Cartilage

A

cartilaginous synarthrotic synchodrosis

43
Q

Six Characteristics of Synovial Joints

A

1) has a joint capsule
2) presence of articular cartilages
3) a joint cavity
4) synovial fluid
5) accessory structures (cartilage, ligaments, tendons, etc.)
6) sensory nerves and blood vessels

44
Q

Synovial Features: 1) Joint Capsule

A

made of two layers: fibrous layer (dense irregular connective tissue) and inner synovial membrane (loose connective tissue that makes synovial fluid)

45
Q

Synovial Features: 2) Articular Cartilage

A

hyaline cartilage that prevents crushing of bone ends

46
Q

Synovial Features: 3) Joint (Synovial) Cavity

A

small fluid filled space in joint

47
Q

Synovial Features: 4) Synovial Fluid

A

1) viscous, slippery filtrate of plasma and hyaluronic acid; 2) lubricates and nourishes articular cartilage; 3) contains phagocytic cells to remove microbes and dibris

48
Q

Synovial Features: 5) Reinforcing Ligaments

A

different types of ligaments that are either 1) capsular (thickened part of fibrous layer); 2) extracapsular (outside the capsule); or 3) intracapsular (deep to capsule, covered by synovial membrane)

49
Q

Synovial Features: 6) Nerves and Blood Vessels

A

nerves detect pain, monitor position and stretch while capillary beds supply filtrate for synovial fluid

50
Q

Accessory Synovial Joint Structures: Bursae

A

sacs lined with synovial membrane and fluid that roll and lessen friction during movement of bones, ligaments, muscles, skin, etc.

51
Q

Accessory Synovial Joint Structures: Tendon Sheaths

A

elongated bursa wrapped completely around tendons that are subjected to friction

52
Q

Accessory Synovial Joint Structures: Menisci (Articular Discs)

A

fibrocartilage that separates articular surfaces to improve fit of bone ends, stabilize joints and reduce wear and tear

Human Anatomy (21 decks)

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