Lecture 1: Getting Started in Anatomy

Question 1

Fine

Answer 1

microscopic

Question 2

Gross

Answer 2

macroscopic

Question 3

Anatomy = The study of…

Answer 3

1) external body structures; 2) internal body structures; 3) relationship between structures; 4) careful observations of the human body

Question 4

Cytology

Answer 4

study of cells

Question 5

Histology

Answer 5

study of tissues

Question 6

Regional Anatomy

Answer 6

all structures in a specific area of the body, whether they are superficial or deep (our approach)

Question 7

Surface Anatomy

Answer 7

superficial anatomical markings

Question 8

Systemic Anatomy

Answer 8

study of organ systems of the body

Question 9

Developmental Anatomy

Answer 9

study of structural changes over time

Question 10

Embryology

Answer 10

study of early developmental stages

Question 11

Comparative Anatomy

Answer 11

comparing anatomy of different organisms

Question 12

Clinical Anatomy

Answer 12

study of pathological changes due to illness

Question 13

Surgical Anatomy

Answer 13

study of anatomical landmarks important for surgical procedures

Question 14

Radiographic Anatomy

Answer 14

using x-rays and ultrasound to study structures inside an intact body

Question 15

Cross-sectional Anatomy

Answer 15

uses radiographic techniques to look across sections of the body (CT/MRI)

Question 16

Physiology = The study of..

Answer 16

1) how the body functions; 2) mechanisms of function, esp. at the cellular and molecular level

Question 17

Principle of Complementarity

Answer 17

Function always reflects structure

Question 18

Levels of Organization

Answer 18

hierarchy of complex biological structures and systems that define life, with each level composed of the previous level’s basic units

Question 19

Major compound classes

Answer 19

water; carbohydrates; proteins; lipids; nucleic acids

Question 20

Cell

Answer 20

the smallest living unit in the body

Question 21

Tissue

Answer 21

many similar cells and their surrounding material

Question 22

Organs

Answer 22

combination of tissues

Question 23

Organ System

Answer 23

combination of organs that compose a certain system in the body

Question 24

Organism

Answer 24

interworking organ systems

Question 25

Function of Integumentary System

Answer 25

1) protection from environmental hazards; 2) temperature control

Question 26

Function of Skeletal System

Answer 26

1) support and protection of soft tissues; 2) mineral storage; 3) blood formation

Question 27

Function of Muscular System

Answer 27

1) locomotion; 2) support; 3) heat production

Question 28

Function of Nervous System

Answer 28

1) directing immediate responses to stimuli; 2) coordinating activities of other organ systems

Question 29

Function of Endocrine System

Answer 29

1) directing long term changes in the activities of other organ systems

Question 30

Function of Cardiovascular System

Answer 30

1) internal transport of cells and dissolved materials (including nutrients, waters and gases)

Question 31

Function of the Lymphoid System

Answer 31

1) defense against infection and disease

Question 32

Function of the Respiratory System

Answer 32

1) delivery of air to sites where gas exchange can occur between air and blood

Question 33

Function of the Digestive System

Answer 33

1) processing of food; 2) absorption of organic nutrients, minerals, vitamins and water

Question 34

Function of the Urinary System

Answer 34

1) elimination of excess water, salts and waste; 2) control of pH

Question 35

Function of the Reproductive System

Answer 35

1) production of sex cells and hormones

Question 36

Anatomical Position

Answer 36

1) body erect; 2) feet slightly apart; 3) hands at the side; 4) palms facing forward; 5) thumbs point away from body

Question 37

Anatomical Position: Directions refer to the point of view of the…not of the…

Answer 37

body; observer