Lecture 2: Intrapersonal Communication and Self Flashcards
Intrapersonal Communication:
Self Talk
Can be spoken, written, or thoughts and can contain positive and negative messages
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy;
changing the way we think about ourselves can change the way we feel and how we work with others
Self:
the sum of who a person is - a person’s central inner force
Self Concept:
subjective description of who you THINK you are and the labels you consistently use to describe yourself.
Healthy self concepts can change over time with experiences but the core elements (attitudes, beliefs and values) of self concept remain stable
3 Concepts of the Self Concept that are Flexible:
1) Material Self - you are what you have (home, body, money, belongings, etc)
2) Social Self - you are who you interact w as reflected in your interactions w others (a.k.a. your role-> mother, sister, nurse, etc)
3) Spiritual Self - who you think you are (values, moral standards, religion, beliefs, etc)
3 Concepts of the Self Concept that are core elements:
- Attitude - immediate preference toward a concept, idea, or object (likes & dislikes). Most likely to change over time.
- Beliefs - ideas based on our previous experiences and convictions that are the frame of reference through which we interpret the world (what is true or not true). Can be changed but takes time + strong evidence.
- Values - core concepts/ideas of what we consider good/bad or right/wrong (parents often shape our values) and are central to your self concept (hard to define). To change values = transformative life experience
Can your Self Concept be changed?
Yes
How does your Self-Concept Develop?
Through interactions and observations of others (family, friends, community, media)
5 basic means by which we learn who we think we are:
1) Interactions with individuals - develops due to how we believe others see us (includes our looking glass self)
2) Association with groups - born into; or by choice
3) Roles we assume - cultural conventions & expectations
4) self-labels - we interpret what we experience; observe ourselves and apply labels
5) Our personalities - internal predispositions (how we respond); 5 major types that influence how we react to our environment
The Looking Glass Self (Reflected Appraisal):
Form our self concepts by seeing ourselves though a looking glass reflected to us how others perceive us (we perceive ourselves the same way others perceive us). this can be dependent on…
- Frequency: > to believe if repeated several times
- Credible: if they are competent, trustworthy, and qualified (moms are biased)
- Consistent: > to believe if comments are consistent w other comments & own experience
Self-fulfilling Prophecy:
what we believe a/b ourselves often comes true because we expect it (ex. “if you say you can, or you say you can’t, your probably right”)
Psychology
the study of how thinking influences behaviour
Personality:
set of enduring internal predispositions and characteristics that describes how you react to your environment. The combination of the following 5 personality traits make up your overall personality:
extraversion
agreeableness
conscientiousness
neuroticism
openness
Extraversion (5 major personality traits):
outgoing, talkative, and sociable
Agreeableness (5 major personality traits):
friendly, compassionate, trusting, and cooperative
Conscientiousness (5 major personality traits):
efficient, organized, self-disciplined, dutiful, and methodical
Neuroticism (5 major personality traits):
nervous, insecure, emotionally distressed, and anxious
Openness (5 major personality traits):
curious, imaginative, creative, and adventurous
Willingness to Communicate:
general way of summarizing the likelihood that you will talk with others in a variety of situations
Shyness:
behavioural tendency to NOT talk with others
Communication Apprehension (stage fright)
fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication with other people
Communibiological Approach (Nature)
perspective that genetics and biological influences play a MAJOR role in shaping your communication behaviour
Social Learning Theory (Nurture)
people can learn to adapt and adjust their behaviour toward others by observing and interacting with others (being social = we can learn/discover ways to change our behaviour)
Self Esteem:
your evaluation of your worth/value as reflected in your skills, abilities, talents, appearance, and character
Social Comparison
the process of comparing yourself to others who are similar to you to measure your worth and value.
Signs of High Self-Esteem:
- higher expectations for solving problems
- thinks more highly of others
- more likely to accept praise w/o embarrassment
- more comfortable being observed
- more likely to admit strengths/weaknesses
- makes decisions based on values
- expect others to accept you for who you are
- likely to seek opportunities to improve skills
Signs of Low Self-Esteem
- more sensitive to criticism/- feedback
- more critical of self and others
- feel threatened by people they perceive to be superior
- expect to be rejected by others
- dislike being observed when performing
- expects to lose
- fears failure
- vulnerable to peer pressure
The Vicious Cycle of Low Self-Esteem
Low self-esteem -> negative thoughts -> high anxiety/poor performance -> failure -> self-blame -> Repeat
How to improve your self-esteem
- practice positive self talk
- visualize
- avoid comparing yourself w others
- reframe appropriately
- develop honest relationships
- let go of the past
- seek support
Self-Disclosure
Intentional (limited) sharing of relevant personal data to enhance the nurse-Pt relationship
Purposeful and limited sharing of your personal experience related to what the Pt has said, and your thoughts and feelings of what the Pt is experiencing
- Dyadic effect
Dyadic Effect
when one person’s disclosure evokes a similar disclosure from the other
Johari Model of Self-Disclosure
Johari Window is a model used to help people better understand their relationship with themselves and w others. Has 4 different windows:
1. Open: known to self and known to others (ex. age, job)
2. Blind: not known to self but known to others (ex. you see yourself as helpful but others don’t see you this way)
3. Hidden: known to self but not known by others (ex. secrets)
4. Unknown: not known to self or to others (ex. personal potential, reactions to stressful situations)
Self-Awareness
having a clear perception of your personality, including strengths, weaknesses, thoughts, beliefs, motivation, emotions, interests, and likes/dislikes
Mindfulness
the ability to consciously think about what you are doing/experiencing rather than responding out of habit or intuition (plays a role in cultivating reflexivity)
Self-Reflexiveness
ability to think about what we are doing while doing it (ability to be objectively self-aware)
Medicine Wheel’s Definition of Health
Health is a balanced state among 4 areas of need (mental, physical, spiritual, emotional) in a balanced state for health
4 Aspects of the Medicine Wheel
Physical
Emotional
Intellectual
Spiritual
Elements of the Physical Aspect
oxygen/air
water
food
clothing
rest/sleep
exercise
sex
Elements of the Emotional Aspect
recognition
acceptance
understanding
love/belonging
privacy
discipline
limits
Elements of the Intellectual Aspect
concepts
ideas
thoughts
habits
Elements of the Spiritual Aspect
a sense of connectedness w other creatures of the Great Spirit
inner peace
sense of harmony/balance
SMART Goals
S - Specific
M - Measurable
A - Attainable
R - Realistic
T - Timely
