Lecture 2 - Cells + Tissues Flashcards
What is a tissue?
It is a group of similar cells that perform a common function.
What is histology?
The study of tissues
What are the 4 basic tissue types?
- Connective
- Nervous
- Muscle
- Epithelial
What are the 3 nervous tissues?
- brain
- spinal cord
- nerves
Muscle tissues? (3)
-skeletal
-smooth
-cardiac
Epithelial tissue? (2)
- glandular
- lining
Connective tissues? (3)
- bone
- tendons
- fat
What are the 6 epithelial functions + answers?
- Protect (skin)
- Absorb (GI tract)
- Secrete (pancreases)
- Excrete (kidney)
- Filter (kidney)
- Sensory (skin)
Study diagram
Look under sticky notes
What are the 7 special structural characteristics of epithelium?
- Basal lamina
- A vascular
- Polar
- Special contacts
- Cellularity
- Regenerative
- Connective tissue
Why do epithelial cells have high cancer affinity?
Due to their high regenerative property and basal lamina that does not comply to rules it can attract cancer like cells.
Name the 3 different cell shapes.
- Squamous
- Cuboidal
- Columnar
Name the 2 different cell layers.
- Simple (one layer)
- Stratified (multiple layers)
How do we classify stratified epithelium when multiple cells are present?
The top most layer of the epithelium is the name.
Simple squamous epithelium
- 3 functions
- 5 locations
- single layer of squamous
= secrete, filter, diffuse
= lung, kidney, heart, vessel, serosae
Simple cuboidal epithelium
- 2 function
- 3 locations
- in circle form of single layer of epithelium
= secretion, absorption
= kidney, glands, ovary
Simple columnar epithelium
= 3 functions
= 4 location
-single layer of cells that line the skin
= absorb, secrete propel
= digestive, ducts, bronchi, gall bladder
Pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium
- 1 function
-2 locations
-columnar cells that are deformed and not all touch both inside and outside
= secrete
= trachea, make sperm
Stratified squamous
-1 function
-4 locations
= protection
= esophagus, mouth, skin, vagina
Glandular epithelium
-definition
- how classified?
- one or more cells that makes and secretes an aqueous fluid
= site of production (endocrine/exocrine)
= # of cells (uni/multicellular)
What do endocrine glands do?
Release product directly into the blood, ductless.
What do exocrine glands do?
They release the product into ducts
What two kinds of exocrine glands?
- Unicellular (one cell, no duct = goblet cell)
- Multicellular (duct, surrounded by CT)
How to classify multicellular glands?
- What look like (structure)
- How secrete (secretion)
What are the different structures of multicellular glands?
Simple or compound
How are multicellular glands divided by secretion?
- holocrine (accumulate until blow)
- apocrine (accumulate until cut off)
- morocrine (exocytosis)
List all 5 types of CT
-blood
-bone
-cartilage
-CT proper
-mesenchyme
List the 5 main functions of connect tissue.
- protect
- Structure
- Store
- Insulation
- Transport
3 structural elements of CT
- Ground substance - fibronectin
- Fibers (3) - collagen/elastic/reticular
- Cells (3) - blasts/cytes/other
Loose connective tissue (areolar)
-description
-2 functions
-1 location
-matrix with all 3 cells
-wrap, cushion
-everywhere under skin
What 3 kinds of loose connective description?
- Areolar
- Adipose
- Reticular
Loose connective tissue (adipose)
-3 functions
-5 locations
thin matrix between adipocytes
-store, insulate, protect
-skin, breats, kidney, stomach, eyes
Loose connective tissue (reticular)
-1 function
-3 locations
Matrix full of reticular fibers
-support
-lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow
3 dense connective tissue
- Dense regular
- Dense irregular
- Elastic
Dense regular
-2 functions
-3 locations
-straight, parallel collagen fibers with some fibroblasts
= support, withstand
= tendons(b-m), ligaments(b-b), aponeuroses(m-m)
Dense irregular
-1 function
-3 locations
Irregular, mix of collagen
- withstand twist and pulls in diff directions
- joint, skin, digestive
Elastic dense connective
-1 function
-3 locations
Dense regular with a lot of elastic fibers
-recoil back to original shape
-vertebrae, arteries, lung
Cartilage
-5 infos
-2 locations
-a vascular, chondriton, H2O, slow heal, collagen
-rib cage, ears, nose
Blood
-1 function
-1 location
-to transport nutrients and ions
-in arteries and veins
