Lecture 11 - Lymphatics

Question 1

State the 2 parts of the lymphatic system

Answer 1

• lymphatic vessels
• lymphatic tissues/organs

Question 2

Where are the lymphatic vessels in the body? Where are they not found?

Answer 2

-everywhere

EXCEPT = bone, teeth, bone marrow

Question 3

What do the lymphatic vessels do?

Answer 3

drains up to 3L of lymph fluid from tissues back into the bloodstream

Question 4

If the fluid pressure in the tissues increases what is likely to occur in the lymph capillaries?

Answer 4

-the valves open and fluid flows in

Question 5

If the fluid pressure in the capillary increase what is likely to occur?

Answer 5

-the valves close and no movement of fluid

Question 6

How does the capillary stop collapsing?

Answer 6

collagen anchors

Question 7

Where does the right lymphatic duct drain from?

Answer 7

-right upper arm
-head
-thorax

Question 8

Where does the thoracic duct drain from?

Answer 8

-everywhere else in the body

Question 9

What is the function of lymphoid cells?

Answer 9

to fight infectious microorganisms

Question 10

What are the 2 types of lymphoid cells and what are their jobs?

Answer 10

• T-cells (soldiers, fight, like but not macrophages)
• B-cells (plasma cells; immunoglobulin)

Question 11

What are the 2 main functions of lymph nodes?

Answer 11

I) filter lymph
II) activate the immune system

Question 12

There are 3 specific types of lymph nodes based on their position in the body, name them and where they are.

Answer 12

I) cervical node (neck)
II) axillary (armpit)
III) inguinal nodes (pelvis)

Question 13

Lymphoid tissue is what kind of tissue? Where is it found? Where not found?

Answer 13

-reticular CT
-all lymphoid organs
-EXCEPT thymus

Question 14

Why is the reticular CT of lymphoid tissue so good? Why is it used?

Answer 14

-houses and provides proliferation sites (rapid increase) lymphocytes
-ideal surveillance

Question 15

Review lymph node anatomy in notes

Answer 15

have fun

Question 16

Why are there more afferent vessels compared to efferent vessels?

Answer 16

-slow, thorough cleaning/filtering

Question 17

What occurs at the cortex?

Answer 17

-follicles with germinating centres (alert/check)
-dividing B-cells
-T-cells passing through
-dendritic cells

Question 18

What occurs at the medulla?

Answer 18

-houses medullary cords
-houses medullary large lymph sinuses (macrophages)

Question 19

What are the 5 functions of the spleen?

Answer 19

I) lymphocyte proliferation (fast make lymph cells)
II) blood cleansing
III) store iron
IV) RBC products in the fetus
V) store blood platelets

Question 20

What occurs in the red pulp of the spleen?

Answer 20

RBC graveyard

Question 21

What occurs in the white pulp of the spleen?

Answer 21

immunity

Question 22

What are the consequences of the spleen having such a thin capsule?

Answer 22

-easily rupture
-regrow and recover well

Question 23

What are the 2 functions of the thymus?

Answer 23

I) lymphoid maturation
II) thymocyte secretion of thymosin + thymopoietin

Question 24

What are the 4 tonsils’ names and where are they?

Answer 24

I) pharyngeal tonsil (wall nasopharynx)
II) palatine tonsil (end of the oral cavity)
III) lingual tonsil (base of tongue)
IV) tubal tonsils (ears)

Question 25

State the aggregates of lymphoid nodules

Answer 25

I) Peyer’s patches (lymph nodule clusters in the wall small intestine)
II) appendix (lymph nodules at cecum)

Question 26

What does MALT stand for?

Answer 26

mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues

Question 27

What are the MALT structures? (6)

Answer 27

-Peyer’s patches
-appendix
-tonsils
-nodules in bronchi
-GI tract
-genitourinary system (urinary + genital)

Question 28

How is lymph transported? (4)

Answer 28

I) lymphatic capillaries
II) lacteals in intestinal villi
III) lymph nodes
IV) lymphatic trunks

Question 29

Lymphatic vessels vs veins
-wall layers
-wall thickness
-valves
-pumps
-anastomoses

Answer 29

-tunica intima, “—” media, “—” adventitia (SAME)
-L < V
-L > V
-L = V
-L > V

Question 30

Go over diagram on 3rd page notes

Answer 30

have fun

Question 31

What induces lymph transport? (5)

Answer 31

I) pressure changes
II) muscles
III) respiratory
IV) valves
V) SM in walls of lymphatic trunks/ducts

Question 32

How is the speed of the lymphatic system increased?

Answer 32

local movement

Question 33

What happens when there is a blockage or removal of lymphatics?

Answer 33

-severe local edema
-drainage restored by regrowth of remaining vessel