Lecture 2 - Anatomy, Dimensions, Math Review Flashcards
What is anatomical reference?
Position which movement terms are based. Feet slightly separated, arms hanging at sides, palms facing forward
Define superior/inferior (cranial/caudal)
Closer to or father from the head or tail
Define anterior/posterior (ventral/dorsal)
Toward front or back
Define medial/lateral
Toward or away from the mid-line of the body
Define proximal/distal
Closer to or away from the trunk
Define superficial/deep
Toward or away from the body’s surface
What are the three anatomical planes?
Coronal/frontal, sagittal, transverse
How does the coronal/frontal place divide the body?
Divides front and back
How does the sagittal place divide the body?
Divides left and right
How does the transverse divide the body?
Divides upper and lower
What are the three anatomical axes?
Transverse (mediolateral), anteroposterior, and longitudinal
Where does the transverse axis (mediolateral axis) lay?
Perpendicular to sagittal plane
Where does the anteroposterior axis lay?
Perpendicular to frontal plane
Where does the longitudinal axis lay?
Perpendicular to transverse plane
What is flexion?
Bending
What is extension?
Extending
What is abduction?
Movement away from midline
What is adduction?
Movement toward the midline
What is medial movement?
Rotation toward the midline
What is lateral movement?
Rotation away from midline
What motions occur in the sagittal plane?
Flexion/extension, hyperextension
What is hyperextension?
Extension beyond anatomical position
What is the flexion/extension of the ankle?
Dorsiflexion/plantarflexion
What axis do sagittal plane motions occur in?
Transverse
What motions occur in the frontal plane?
Abduction/adduction, lateral flexion, inversion/eversion, scapular elevation/depression, radial/ulnar deviation
What axis do frontal plane motions occur in?
Anteriorposterior
What motions occur in the transverse plane?
Pronation/supination, internal/external rotation, horizontal abduction/adduction, trunk/neck rotation,
What axis do transverse plane motions occur in?
Longitudinal
Define complex joint motions
Motions with multiple planes/axis involved
Name some examples of complex joint motions
Circumduction and foot pronation/supination
What are the two types of motion?
Linear (translation) and angular
Define linear motion
All points on the body have the same trajectory
What are the two types of linear motion?
Rectilinear - straight path, and curvilinear - curved path
Define angular motion
Rotation about an axis, orientation changes, has internal or external axis
Define a body in terms of motion
Object of analysis. Can be a whole person, part of a person, or inanimate object
Define a system in terms of motion
Object of analysis that is made up of two or more bodies
Define a point in terms of motion
Way of representing a body that has no dimensions
Define the origin in terms of motion
The place where frame of reference begins
Define directions in terms of motion
Determined by orientation and sense, points toward something
Define an axis in terms of motion
A straight line running through the origin specifying a direction from the origin
What is a scalar?
A number, quantity that only has a magnitude, no spatial direction
What is a vector?
A quantity that has both a magnitude and spatial direction
Define position
Location in a reference frame, denoted with s
What is the magnitude of a vector?
Its length
