Lecture 2: Anatomy Flashcards
What is the difference in the layers of the stomach compared to the rest of the ailmentary system?
It contains an oblique layer of muscle in the muscular externa
In the muscular externa, what is the order of muscle from inner to outer?
Oblique (inner)
Circular
Longitudinal (outer)
Name these different parts
A) Mucosa
B) Submucosa
C) Muscularis externa
D) Serosa
E) Longitudial muscle
F) Circular muscle
G) Oblique muscle
H) Muscularis mucosa
I) Gastric gland
J) Gastric pits
At what point does the stratified sqamous epithelium of the oesphagus change to the columar epithelium?
At the gastroesophageal junction
What is the function of having stratified squamous epithelium lining the epithelium?
To withstand the friction from the bolus
Is the lower oesphageal and pyloric sphincter an anatomical or functional sphincter?
Cardia: Functional
Pyloric: Anatomical- obvious increase in muscle tone
What is the right crus?
A loop of skeletal muscle that extends below the diaphragm and goes around the oesphagus
How does the diaphragm close the oesphagus during inspiration?
Upon inspiration, the right crus, which is looped around the oesphagus, will constrict the oesphagus. This creates the functional sphincter
If the lower oesphageal sphincter is not anatomical what creates it?
It is the right crus, part of the diaphragm, has looped round the oesphagus and this constricts it making the functional sphincter
Why is it important for the lower oesphageal sphincter to be closed during inspiration?
It prevents the stomach contents to move into the oesphagus when the intra-abdominal pressure rises during inspiration
If a patient is sitting or standing upright what would the X-ray be like of the stomach?
It would show a gastric bubble- this is a pocket of air in the fundus of the stomach.
Normal !!!
This is because air rises.
Make sure the air bubble is only one the left side- since that is where the stomach is located
Which branch of the aorta supplies the structures derived from the foregut?
Coeliac trunk
What are the structures that are derived from the foregut?
The foregut is the anterior portion of the ailmentary system.
From mouth to duodenum
Name these arteries?
What arteries supply the lesser curvature of the stomach?
What is a significant characteristic of them?
Right and left gastric arteries
They anastomosis i.e. they is a connection between them
Name these arteries?
Which arteries that supply the stomach are a direct branch of the celiac trunk?
The left gastric arteries
Since the left and right gastro-epiploric arteries are not a direct branch of the celiac trunk, what arteries are they a branch off?
The splenic artery, which is a branch of the celiac trunk
What is the other name for the left and right gastroomental arteries?
Left and right gastroepiploric arteries
Name these arteries? Must get left and right correct
Make sure to know that left is the more anterior artery for both the gastroepiplotic and gastric artery
What is the function of the greater omentum?
Fat disposition
Binds to sites of infection- help limiting the spread of infection
Why is the great omentum known as the “abdominal policeman”?
Because it can bind to sites of infection
What is the abdominal cavity and what is the peritoneal cavity?
Peritoneal cavity: Potential space between the visceral and parietal peritoneum.
Abodminal cavity: Space between the costal margin and the pelvic cavity. Anteriorly to the abdominal wall
Name these parts?
What is the difference between the lesser and greater omentum?
Lesser: attaches the liver and stomach.
Greater: Free hanging from the stomach. It is connected to the stomach at the greater curvature
What is the epiploic foramen and what is its importance?
It is the free edge of the lesser omentum
It is the only connection between the lesser and greater omentum
What is the omental bursa and its function?
Hollow space that is formed by the greater and lesser omentum.
It allows the stomach to increase in size witohut attaching to structures posteriorly e.g. the pancreas
Which branch of the aorta gives rise to the right gastric artery?
Aorta -> celiac trunk -> Common hepatic artery -> Proper hepatic artery and its this artery that has the right gastric artery branch from it
