Lecture 10: Anatomy Flashcards
What are the spiral folds?
Folds found in the cystic duct
Makes endoscope cannulation of the gallbladder difficult
What is the capacity of the gallbladder?
Approx. 50mL
What is the function of the gallbladder>
Stores and concentrates bile between meals.
Concentrates the bile by absorbing the water
What are the 3 parts of the gallbladder?
Neck
Body
Fundus
What part of the gallbladder can be seen anteriorly?
The fundus
This part projects beyond the undersurface of the liver
What is the other name for the hepatopancreatic ampulla?
ampulla of vater
What is the hepatopancreatic duct?
Formed from the union of the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct
What is the greater duodenal papilla?
Also known as the major duodenal papilla
Rounded projection at the opening of the hepatopancreatic ampulla to the duodenum
What is the name of the Sphincter that surrounds the hepatopancreatic ampulla?
Sphincter of Oddi
What is the function of the sphincter of Oddi?
Controls the release of bile
Is the sphincter of oddi an anatomical sphincter or a physiological sphincter?
Anatomicaly
Rings of smooth muscle that surround the end of the bile duct
What part of the small intestine does the greater duodenal papilla open into?
2/3rd show the descending part of the duodenum
Does the common bile duct go behind or in front of the head of the pancreas?
Behind
What seperates the left and right lobes of the liver?
Falciform ligament
What ligament is the reminiscent of the umbilical vein?
Ligamentum teres
Also known as the roung ligament of the liver
Which major blood vessel is embedded in the posterior side of the liver?
IVC
Inferior vena cava
What are the hepatic recesses?
Anatomical spaces between the liver and surrounding structures
Name the 3 types of hepatic recesses?
Subphrenic space
Subhepatic space
Morison’s pouch
Describe the subphrenic space?
Translated to below the diaphragm i.e. above the liver
Located between the diaphragm and the superior aspect of the liver.
2 types: Left and right
Left above the left lobe of the liver
Right above the right lobe of the liver
Describe the subhepatic space?
Translates to below the liver
Peritoneal space between the inferior aspect of the liver and the transverse colon
Part of the supracolic space in the greater sac of the peritoneal cavity
What is the peritoneal cavity?
Potential space between the visceral and parietal peritoneum
It is the potential space for fluid to accumulate resulting in ascites
What are the two divisions of the peritoneal cavity?
Greater and lesser peritoneal sacs
Describe the greater sac of the peritoneal cavity?
2 subdivisions: supracolic and infracolic
Divided by the transverse colon
Supracolic: contains the liver, stomach, spleen
Infracolic: small intestine, ascending and descending colon
Which peritoneum surrounds the abdominal wall?
Parietal peritoneum
Which peritoneum surrounds the internal organs?
Visceral peritoneum
The subhepatic space is part of which sac of the peritoneal cavity?
Greater sac of the peritoneal cavity (in the supracolic space)
Name these parts of the abdomen
Describe the Morison’s pouch?
Potential space !!
Between the visceral surface of the liver and the right kidney
What is the clinical significance of Morison’s pouch?
Most posterior part of the peritoneal cavity when lying down.
Therefore, clinical its signficant as fluid, e.g. pus, will most likely accumulated in this potential space in a bedridden patient.
Which is more superior the quadate or the caudate lobe?
Caudate superior (C is first in the alphabet)
Quadate is inferior
Which lobes are drained from the left hepatic duct and left portal vein?
Left lobe
Caudate lobe
Quadate lobe
Which lobe is the caudate and quadrate apart of?
Anatomically: Right lobe
Physiologically: Left lobe, as all 3 are drained by the left hepatic duct and left portal vein
Describe the bare’s area of the liver?
This is a region on the posterior diaphragmatic surface of the liver
Not covered by peritoneum (unlike the rest of the liver)
In direct contact with the diaphragm
Does the bile duct come in front or behind the duondeum?
Behind the duodenum and enters at the ampulla of Vater (2/3rd down the descending part of the duodenum)
What does the term “common” mean when refering to vessels such as the “common hepatic duct”?
Means shared
the same as if you shared a fence with a neighbour that would be their common fence.
What is the blood supply to the gallbladder?
Very variable
Mostly the Cystic artery, a branch of the right hepatic artery
What is the venous drainage for the gallbladder?
Cystic veins, that drains directly into the portal vein
Describe the Pringle maneuver
It is a surgical maeuver used during abdominal surgeries.
Clamping the hepatoduodenal ligament interrupts the flow of blood in the hepatic artery and portal vein.
Thus controlling bleeding from the liver
Name these different parts?
What is the difference between the porta hepatis and the hepatoduodenal ligament?
Porta hepatis: Part where major structures and ducts leave and enter the liver.
Hepatoduodenal ligament: Tube of peritoneum that extends from the porta hepatis to the superior porition of the duodenum. Contains the common bile duct, hepatic artery and portal vein
Name these different parts?
