Lecture 2 Flashcards
location of neuron cell bodies for sensory afferent
dorsal root ganglion
motor pathways that originate in the cerebral cortex and brainstem and travel to muscle
descending spinal cord tracts
sensory pathways that originate in the peripheral body and travel to the primary sensory cortex
ascending spinal cord tracts
largest of the segmental arteries that supplies the lower spinal cord
radiculus magna (artery Adamkiewicz)
contribute to formation of anterior arteries and follow the ventral root
medullary arteries
contribute to formation of posterior arteries and follow the dorsal root
radicular arteries
rare but serious disorder where spinal roots that comprise the cauda equina become compressed and cause a characteristic pattern of neuromuscular and urogenital systems
cauda equina syndrome
L2-Co spinal nerve roots that form a structure that looks like a horse tail in the lumbar cistern that forms the rest of the differential growth of the spinal cord
cauda equina
enlargement of the subarachnoid space in a sac containing cauda equina
lumbar cistern
anchors dural/thecal sac to sacrum
filum internale externum
pia mater extending from tip of conus medullaris to end of dural sac and anchors spinal cord inferiorly
filum internale internum
of coccygeal nerves
1
of sacral nerves
5
of lumbar nerves
5
of thoracic nerves
12
of cervical nerves
8
Gives rise to lumbar and sacral plexuses (groupings of lumbar and sacral spinal nerves)
lumbar enlargement of spinal cord
location of lumbar enlargement
L1-S2
Gives rise to the cervical and brachial plexuses (groupings of cervical and thoracic spinal nerves)
cervical enlargement of spinal cord
location of cervical enlargement
C5-T1
space between pia and arachnoid mater that contains CSF, spinal veins and arteries, and is anchored by arachnoid trabeculae
subarachnoid space
potential space between dura and arachnoid mater that may be opened due to trauma, disease, or embalming
subdural space
space between bone and dural sac that is composed of adipose tissue and internal vertebral venous plexus (Batson’s plexus)
Epidural space
paired extensions of pia mater that attach the arachnoid and dura mater; anchor spinal cord laterally in dural sac; run in between ventral and dorsal rootlets of spinal cord as they leave dural sac
denticulate ligaments
innermost meningeal layer covering spinal cord
pia mater
middle meningeal layer (thin)
arachnoid mater
outer meningeal layer (thick)
dura mater
tip of spinal cord (T1-T2)
conus medullaris
makes up plexuses and will contribute to formation of intercostal and lumbar nerves
ventral ramus
innervate skin and other structures on the back
dorsal ramii
contain autonomic efferent nuclei (SNS and PNS)
lateral horn of gray matter of spinal cord
carry motor efferent impulses to the body
ventral roots of spinal cord
outer covering enclosing the spinal cord
dural/thecal sac
connects spinal cord to brain
medulla oblongata
carry sensory impulses to CNS
dorsal root
segmental spinal Arteries that arise from subclavian artery
vertebral aa, ascending cervical aa, deep cervical aa
segmental spinal Arteries that arise from descending aorta
intercostal aa, lumbar aa
segmental spinal Arteries that arise from internal iliac artery
lateral sacral aa
arteries that run longitudinally from the brain stem to the conus medullaris
anterior spinal artery and posterior spinal aa.
signals from upper and lower limb to medulla oblongata
first order neurons of dorsal column pathway
pick up signal from 1st order neurons and carry it from the fasciculus gracilus or f. cuneatus to the thalamus
second order neurons of dorsal column pathway
form the thalamus carry signal from 2nd order neuron to the ipsilateral primary sensory cortex of the brain
third order neurons of dorsal column pathway
arise from peripheral sensory receptors in body, enter spinal cord and synapse at the substantia gelatinosa
first order neurons of spinothalamic pathway
carry sensory info to the thalamus; touch and pressure uses anterior spinothalamic tract; pain and temp uses lateral spinothalamic tract
second order neurons of spinothalamic pathway
from the thalamus carry signal from 2nd order neurons to the ipsilateral primary sensory cortex of the brain
third order neurons of spinothalamic pathway
