Axial Skeleton

Question 1

sliding of the vertebrae; anterior/ventral displacement of one vertebra on adjacent; can be congenital

Answer 1

spondylolisthesis

Question 2

herniated discs usually are found in the ______ region of the spinal cord due to the ________ ligament not being very broad

Answer 2

lumbar region; posterior longitudinal

Question 3

abnormal or exaggerated lateral curvature of spine; can be congenital, neuromuscular, or idiopathic in origin

Answer 3

scoliosis

Question 4

abnormal or lumbar curvature (concavity); associated with abnormalities, musculoskeletal problems, degenerative disease

Answer 4

hyperlordosis

Question 5

abnormal or exaggerated thoracic curvature (convexity); can result from developmental abnormalities, trauma, or degenerative disease

Answer 5

hyperkyphosis

Question 6

the intervertebral discs are the thickest in the _____ region

Answer 6

lumbar

Question 7

fibrous outer layer of intervertebral discs

Answer 7

annulus fibrosus

Question 8

inner layer of intervertebral discs

Answer 8

nucleus pulposus

Question 9

small body that is wide side to side

Answer 9

cervical

Question 10

heart shaped body that bears 2 costal demifacets

Answer 10

thoracic

Question 11

large body that is kidney shaped

Answer 11

lumbar

Question 12

short bifid spinous process that projects directly posteriorly

Answer 12

cervical

Question 13

long sharp spinous process that projects inferiorly

Answer 13

thoracic

Question 14

short blunt rectangular spinous process that projects directly posteriorly

Answer 14

lumbar

Question 15

transverse processes that contain foramina

Answer 15

cervical

Question 16

cervical vertebra that does not contain foramina

Answer 16

C7

Question 17

transverse processes bear facets for ribs

Answer 17

thoracic

Question 18

thin and tapered transverse processes

Answer 18

lumbar

Question 19

triangular vertebral foramen

Answer 19

cervical and lumbar

Question 20

circular vertebral foramen

Answer 20

thoracic

Question 21

superior facets directed superoposteriorly

Answer 21

cervical

Question 22

superior facets directed posteriorly

Answer 22

thoracic

Question 23

superior facets directed posteromedially

Answer 23

lumbar

Question 24

inferior facets directed inferoanteriorly

Answer 24

cervical

Question 25

interior facets directed anteriorly

Answer 25

thoracic

Question 26

inferior facets directed anterolaterally

Answer 26

lumbar

Question 27

permits flexion/extension, lateral flexion, rotation

Answer 27

cervical

Question 28

spine region with the greatest range of movement

Answer 28

cervical

Question 29

permits rotation, slight lateral flexion; flexion/extension prevented

Answer 29

thoracic

Question 30

permits flexion/extension, some lateral flexion; rotation prevented

Answer 30

lumbar