Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy Exam 1 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of vertebra is this?

A

Thoracic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is F? What are the superficial and deep layers of it?

A

Intervertebral disc

Superficial: annulus fibrosus

Deep: Nucleus Pulposus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the black arrows pointing to?

A

The three layers of the thoracolumbar fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sympathetic nerves “flow out” from what vertebral segments?

A

Thoracolumbar

T1-L2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve pathways use how many neurons to reach the target tissue from the CNS?

A

2 neurons (ganglia can be in paravertebral ganglia or in the target tissue depending on the innervation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What muscle attaches a vert transverse process to the transverse process directly superior?

A

Intertransfersarii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

of thoracic SN pairs (how are they named)

A

12, named after the thoracic vert superior to it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

of lumbar SN pairs (how are they named)

A

5, named after the lumbar vert superior to it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Rhomboid major and minor

Functions: ?

Attachments: ?

A

Rhomboid major and minor

Functions: retract the scapulae

Attachments: vertebral border of scapulae, spinous processes of upper thoracic vert.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Visceral pain axons for the pelvis follow what efferent pathways back to the CNS?

A

Visceral pain axons for the pelvis follow parasympathetic pathways back to the CNS.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which hypaxial muscle is innervated by two different sources? What are those sources for motor/sensory?

A

Trapezius

Motor: CNXI

Sensory: Cervical plexus C3 & C4 (ventral rami)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dorsal Column Pathway (Afferent Sensory)

Fine touch and proprioception sensations cross to the contralateral side to the 2nd order neuron at what section of the CNS? (fyi 3 neurons in tract)

A

In the medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is hyperkyphosis?

A

Abnormal or exaggerated thoracic curvature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do cervical vertebrae have INSTEAD of intertransverse ligaments?

A

Articular capsules of zygapophysial joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What autonomic nerve pathway has its ganglia outside of the target tissue?

A

Sympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The descenting aorta gives rise to what two segmental aas.?

A

Intercostal, Lumbar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A: what direction do these nerve pathways run and are they sensory/afferent or are they motor/efferent? B: what direction do these nerve pathways run and are they sensory/afferent or are they motor/efferent?

A

A: travel from PNS to brain, sensory/afferent B: travel from brain to PNS, motor/efferent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Trapezius

Functions:?

Attachments: ?

A

Trapezius

Functions: move head, neck, scapula, & clavicle

Attachments: occipital protuberance. nuchal ligament, spines of scapulae, spinous processes of vert.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What kind of vertebra is this?

A

Thoracic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Rotatores longus:

Origin: ?

Insertion: ?

A

Rotatores longus:

Origin: Transverse process of vertebrae

Insertion: spinous process of two vertebrae above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Flexion of the torso primarily occurs in which vertebral region?

A

Flexion primarily occurs in the lumbar region.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

of sacral SN pairs (how are they named)

A

5, named after the sacral vert superior to it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

End of spinal cord at birth vs. adulthood

A

Birth: ends at L3. Adulthood: ends L1-L2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is hyperlordosis?

A

Abnormal or exaggerated lumbar curvature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the end of the spinal cord?

A

conus medullaris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is H?

A

Intervertebral foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

of vertebrae in coccyx (fused)

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The serratus posterior superior and serratus posterior inferior do what to the ribs respectively?

A

Serratus posterior superior: //\ elevates the ribs

Serratus posterior inferior: \// depresses the ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Corticospinal Pathway (Somatic Motor)

Somatic motor nerves cross to the ipsilateral side via the 1st order neuron at what section of the CNS? (fyi 2 neurons in tract)

A

In the medulla oblongata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What ligament prevents hyperflexion of the cervical spine?

A

Posterior longitudinal ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are D, E, and F?

A

D: Spinalis

E: Longissimus

F: Iliocostalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

The internal iliac aa gives rise to what segmental artery?

A

Lateral sacral aa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

The somatic nervous system innervates what structures?

A

Somatic structures (ie. sensory and motor innervation of the structures of the body wall)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Are sensory nerve pathways in the SC ascending or descending?

A

Adcending (majority in posterior of sc)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is A?

A

Supraspinous ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Which vertebra lines up with the scapular spine?

A

T3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Which vertebra lines up with the inferior scapular angle?

A

T7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

The autonomic nervous system innervates what structures?

A

Visceral (sympathetic and parasympathetic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

The subclavian aa. gives rise to what three segmental aas.?

A

Vertebral, Ascending cervical, Deep cervical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

The autonomic ns is made up of what three sub systems?

A
  1. Sympathetic (motor)
  2. Parasympathetic (motor)
  3. Visceral Sensory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Spinothalamic Pathway (Afferent Sensory)

Pain and temperature sensations cross to the contralateral side to the 2nd order neuron at what section of the CNS? (fyi 3 neurons in tract)

A

Within the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

The spinal cord connects to the brain via what two structures?

A

Medulla and Pons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

The highest degree of axial rotation occurs at what cervical joint?

A

40-45 degrees of rotation occurs at the atlanto-axial joint

44
Q

What kind of pathway is this? Somatic motor, somatic sensory, sympathetic, parasympathetic, visceral sensory?

A

Sympathetic (for abdominal and pelvic organs)

45
Q

What is B?

A

Transverse process

46
Q

Where are the veins that drain the spinal cord located and what veins do they connect to?

A

Internal vertebral veinous plexus in the epidural space. These drain into the segmental veins.

47
Q

What is D?

A

Interspinous ligament

48
Q

of coccygeal SN pairs (how are they named)

A

1, Co1

49
Q

The vertebral artery travels through the transverse foramen of the C1-C6 vertebrae. What motion might cause impingement of this artery?

A

Rotation at the atlanto-axial joint can cause impingement of the vertebral artery.

50
Q

The segmental spinal aas. arise from what three major arteries?

A

Subclavian, descending aorta, internal iliac artery

51
Q

How many neurons are needed to connect the CNS to the target muscle?

A

One (from CNS to target muscle)

52
Q

Rotatores brevis:

Origin: ?

Insertion: ?

A

Rotatores brevis

Origin: transverse process of vertebrae

Insertion: spinous process of one vertebra above

53
Q

Are motor nerve pathways in the SC ascending or descending?

A

Descending (majority in anterior of sc)

54
Q

How are the 14 spinal cord levels of the sympathetic pathway (T1-L2) supposed to innervate 31 different dermatomes?

A

The sympathetic trunk shares the preganglionic axons to the other levels.

55
Q

Visceral pain axons for the thorax and abdomen follow what efferent pathways back to the CNS?

A

Visceral pain axons for the thorax and abdomen follow sympathetic pathways back to the CNS.

56
Q

What kind of vertebra is this?

A

Cervical

57
Q

What kind of vertebra is this?

A

Cervical

58
Q

What G, H, and I?

A

G: Rotatores

H: Multifidus

I: Semispinalis

59
Q

Approximately how thick are cervical, thoracic, and lumbar intervertebral discs? (in mm)

A

Cervical: 5mm

Thoracic: 7mm

Lumbar: 10mm

60
Q

The nuchal ligament and the supraspinous ligament are separated by what?

A

Nothing. They are continuous.

61
Q

The splenius capitus is _____ to the splenius cervicis.

A

superior

(capitus meaning cranium)

62
Q

What kind of pathway is this? Somatic motor, somatic sensory, sympathetic, parasympathetic, visceral sensory?

A

Sympathetic (for thoracic organs)

63
Q

What are the superior and inferior sites of attachment for the nuchal ligament?

A

Superior: external occipital protuberance

Inferior: Spinous process of C7

64
Q

Where do the S5 and Co1 SN pass through

A

sacral hiatus

65
Q

What kind of vertebra is this?

A

Lumbar

66
Q

What kind of outflow do parasympathetic nerves have?

A

Craniosacral

Cranial Nerves III, VII, IX, X

Sacral Nerves S2, S3, S4

67
Q

What muscle is this?

A

Iliocostalis

68
Q

Name the three erector spinae (superficial -> deep)

A

Iliocostalis -> Longissimus -> Spinalis

69
Q

Layers of the meninges (superficial -> deep)

A

Dura (dense), Arachnoid (thin, avascular), Pia (rich blood supply)

70
Q

Ribs articulate with what surface on which vertebrae?

A

Costal facet on thoracic vertebrae

71
Q

When an intervertebral disc herniates, where does it usually herniate? What structure does it typically impinge?

A

Discs typically herniate posteriorly and impinge/compress a spinal nerve root.

72
Q

Filum terminale externum is made of what?

A

All three maters, anchors dural sac in sacrum

73
Q

Rotation of the trunk primarily occurs at which vertebral region?

A

Rotation primarily occurs in the thoracic region.

74
Q

What autotomic nerve pathway has its ganglia within the target tissue?

A

Parasympathetic

75
Q

What muscle is this?

A

Spinalis

76
Q

What muscle is this?

A

Longissimus

77
Q

How many neurons are needed to connect a somatic sensory nerve to the CNS?

A

One (from site of stimulus in PNS to CNS)

78
Q

Which vertebrae have the largest bodies? Why?

A

Lumbar vertebrae have the largest bodies because they are under the greatest amount of strain.

79
Q

of thoracic vertebrae?

A

12 (T1-T12)

80
Q

Where is the recommended lumbar puncture area on an adult? Why?

A

Between L3 and L4. The conus medularis ends near L1.

81
Q

What is I?

A

Posterior longitudinal ligament

82
Q

What muscle is just deep to the splenius capitis and splenius cervisis?

A

Semispinalis capitis (attaches to transverse processes of vert and occipital surface)

83
Q

Where are the two spinal cord enlargements

A

cervical (nerves for upper limbs) lumbar (nerves for lower limbs)

84
Q

of cervical SN pairs (how are they named)

A

8, named after cervical vert directly inferior to it except for C8 (superior to T1)

85
Q

What is E?

A

Inferior articular process

86
Q

of cervical vertebrae?

A

7 (C1-C7)

87
Q

Which vertebral concavity appears around 3 months and which appears around 6 months?

A

3 mo: Cervical Concavity

6 mo: Lumbar Concavity

(Hint: do babies lift their head first or crawl first?)

88
Q

What ligament prevents hyperextension of the cervical spine?

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament

89
Q

What muscles are A, B, and C?

A

A: Serratus posterior

B: Latissimus dorsi

C: Trapezius

90
Q

What is the difference between grey matter and white matter?

A

Grey: made of nerve cell bodies

White: made of axons and myelin sheath

91
Q

What kind of nerve is labeled with A and what structures are labeled with B & C?

A

A: Visceral Afferent Nerve

B: Gray ramus communicans

C: White ramus communicans

92
Q

How many vert does each multifidus muscle span?

A

It varies from 2-4 vert. Runs from sacrum to cervical vert.

93
Q

Visceral afferent (other than pain) axons for the thorax and abdomen are carried by what nerve?

A

Visceral afferent (other than pain) axons for the thorax and abdomen are carried by the Vagus nerve (CN X).

94
Q

Latissimus dorsi

Functions: ?

Attachments: ?

A

Latissimus dorsi

Functions: moves arms

Attachments: humerus, thoracic & lumbar vert via thoracolumbar facia down to sacrum and iliac crest

95
Q

What kind of vertebra is this?

A

Lumbar

96
Q

Which vertebra lines up with the iliac crest?

A

L4

97
Q

What is the triangle of Ausculation? What is it’s significance?

A

Traingle area of less tissue just lateral to the trapezius. Can hear breathing sounds better due to less tissue.

98
Q

Visceral afferent (other than pain) axons for the lower abdomen and pelvis are carried by what nerves?

A

Visceral afferent (other than pain) axons for the lower abdomen and pelvis are carried by pelvic splanchnic nerves.

99
Q

Epidural Space, Subdural Space, Subarachnoid Space. What is in each?

A

Epidural: adipose tissue, internal venus plexus Subdural: potential space between dura and arachnoid Subarachnoid: spinal veins and arteries, CSF

100
Q

What is C?

A

Ligamentum flavum

101
Q

of lumbar vertebrae?

A

5 (L1-L5)

102
Q

What is: extension of the pia mater that fuses with arachnoid mater and inner surface of dura mater. between spinal nerves

A

Denticulate ligament

103
Q

What is G?

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament

104
Q

sacral vertebrae? (fused)

A

5

105
Q

Levator scapulae

Functions: ?

Attachments: ?

A

Levator scapulae

Functions: elevate scapulae

Attachments: superior angle of scapula, transverse processes of C1-C4

106
Q

What arteries run longitudinally along the spinal cord and deep to the pia mater?

A

Anterior spinal artery (x1) & posterior spinal arteries (x2) (all three fed by segmental arteries)

Anatomy Exam 1 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions