Lecture 2- 9/26 Flashcards
In order for a child to not have an immunization for religious reasons what much they have?
notarized letter from religious official
When does the AAP recommends formal vision and hearing tests?
4 years
When should children start walking?
15 months
When should a child sit up on their own?
6 months
4 groups for milestones
Fine motor
gross motor
language
social/ cognitive
What is the BAER (or ABR) test for?
Hearing (brainstem auditory evoked response)
What is the most common deficiency in infants?
Iron
What test would you do for iron deficiency?
Hgb/ Hct
avoids the development of a disease. Most population-based health promotion activities are primary preventive measures.
Primary prevention
activities are aimed at early disease detection, thereby increasing opportunities for interventions to prevent progression of the disease and emergence of symptoms
secondary prevention
What type of prevention is a PAP
secondary
what type of prevention is an immunizations?
primary
reduces the negative impact of an already established disease by restoring function and reducing disease-related complications.
Tertiary prevention
What type growth patterns if FOC and heigh ok, weight low
Type I
What type growth pattern is FOC, heigh, and weight low.
Type III
What growth pattern would FOC OK, height and weight low be?
Type II
What type of growth pattern deficiency is the worst? Why?
Type III, can delay brain development
When should a child begin a social smile?
3 months
when should a baby be able to watch faces intently?
3 months
when should a child be able to walk alone?
2 years
when should a child be able to count to 10?
5 years
When should a baby be able to control their head?
3 months
When should a baby be able to roll over?
4 months
When should a baby be able to crawl?
9 months
A what age should a baby be able to add thumb in ranking motion?
5months
when should a child get a good pincer grasp?
9 months (up to 12 months)
when should a baby feed themselves?
6 months
when should a baby say their first words?
12 months
Causes of white reflex in peds?
Congenital rubella cataracts glaucoma Neuroblastoma retinal detachment
What is a test to detect electrical impulses in an infant.
Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR)
When is the newborn screen done?
First few days then repeated in first few weeks of life
what are some risk factors of iron deficiency?
Prematurity, diet (cows, non iron fortified)
How do you screen for iron deficiency?
Hgb/Hct for high risk infants at 9-12 months and 15-18 months
screen premature infants at 6 months
When should cholesterol screening be done if + family history of total cholesterol >250 or CV disease <55 years?
Over age 2
Immunoglobulins, from pooled donations of individuals. Will not transmit infectious agents.
Passive immunity
stimulate an immune response. All vaccines routinely given to children are available as thimerisol free
active immunity
What are examples of killed immunizations?
Flu cholera bubonic plaque polio Hep A
Vaccines containing killed microorganisms - these are previously virulent micro-organisms which have been killed with chemicals or heat.
Killed vaccines
examples of live, attenuated viruses
Yellow fever measles rubella mumps varicella live Tb vaccine
What are types of immunizations?
Killed, Attenuated , Toxoids , Subunit , Conjugate
Inactivated toxic compounds in cases where these (rather than the micro-organism itself) cause illness.
Generate immune response to toxin it produces
Toxoids
Examples of toxoid vaccines
Tetanus
Diphtheria
Rather than introducing an inactivated or attenuated micro-organism to an immune system (which would constitute a “whole-agent” vaccine), a fragment of it can create an immune response
Protein subunit vaccine
Examples of protein subunit vaccines
Hepatitis B Human papillomavirus (HPV)
By linking these outer coats to proteins (e.g. toxins), the immune system can be led to recognize the polysaccharide as if it were a protein antigen.
Conjugate immunizations
Vaccines that use conjugate immunizations
Haemophilus influenza type B
PCV
How many immunizations are given for Hep B
3
first one at birth
2nd 1-2 months
3rd from 6-18 months
Cool fact about Hep B vaccination.
Can prevent liver cancer
What does rotovirus (RV) cause?
Severe diarrhea which can lead to sudden dehydration
When do you immunize for RV?
2, 4, 6, months
What does DTaP cover?
Diphtheria
Tetanus
Pertussis (acellular)
When do you immunize against Hib (causes epiglotitis, meningitis, pneumonia, otitis media)
4 doses total 2 months 4 months 6 months 12-15 months
What is the vaccine for pneumococcal?
PCV (13 commonly used, also 27 strain for immunocomprimised) 4 doses
When do you give the PCV vaccine?
4 doses total
2,4,6, 12-15 months
conjugate vaccine
What is IPV vaccine for?
Polio virus
When do you vaccinate for MMR?
2 times; 12-18 months and 4-6 years
When do you immunize for varicella?
2 times 12-18 months and 4-6 years
Does getting the varicella reduce your risk of getting shingles?
No, it can actually make you more at risk
When do you vaccinate for Hep A?
2 doses
12 month -18 months; then 6-18 months after first dose
given to prevent problems associated w/ hep A- doesn’t cause complications later on
what is the biggest contraindication to immunizations?
Immunocomprimised patients can’t get live vaccines
What are the live vaccines?
OPV (Oral polio virus) MMR VAR yellow fever LAIV (life attenuated influenza virus- not given anymore)
