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Old Peds > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

organisms for impetigo?

A

staph aureus

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2
Q

organism for verrucae vulgaris

A

HPV

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3
Q

flat lesion <0.5cm

A

macule

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4
Q

papable lesion <0.5 cm

A

papule

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5
Q

flat lesion >0.5 cm

A

patch

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6
Q

palpable >0.5 cm

A

nodule or plaque

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7
Q

clearn fluid <0.5 cm

A

vesicle

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8
Q

clear fluid >0.5 cm

A

bulla

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9
Q

purulent fluid

A

pustule

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10
Q

Thickened skin with accentuated skin markings

A

LIchenifications

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11
Q

Thickened skin with loss of elasticity and skin appendages

A

sclerosis

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12
Q

Linear split extending through the epidermis

A

fissure

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13
Q

what type lesions usually blanch

A

vascular lesions

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14
Q

Shallow depression with moist base

A

Erosion

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15
Q

what rash burns or stings?

A

shingles

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16
Q

circle with clearing in the center

A

annular

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17
Q

how do you test for fungi and dermatophytes?

A

potassium hydroxide (KOH)

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18
Q

what is the test for herpesvirus and varicella-zoster virus infections?

A

Tzanck test (cytologic examination)

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19
Q

Test for Tinea versicolor

A

wood light examination for the yellowish gold fluorescence

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20
Q

test for scabies?

A

skin scrapings

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21
Q

do you treat acne in kids?

A

No

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22
Q

what is the goal for tx for acne?

A

decrease keartin plugging

treat bacteria

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23
Q

what bacteria causes acne pustule formations?

A

Propionibacterium acnes

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24
Q

what drugs help to take off the keratin

A

topical retinoids

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25
Q

first line therapy for acne

A

topical retinoids

combo w/ benzoyl peroxide as second line

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26
Q

other treatments for acne

A 
topical antibiotics (erythromycin, clindamycin)
oral antibiotics (tetracycline, erythromycin)
Oral retinoids (severe nodules)
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27
Q

inherited disorder w/ hardened skin. Disorder of scaling of stratum corneum , dry, hard “fish scales”
autosomal dominant

A

Ichthyosis

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28
Q

Inherited disorder. Blistering disease. AD forms milder, AR can be fatal. will have frequent skin infections, pain, and esophageal strictures. 3 different layers it can occur in

A

Epidermolysis Bullosa

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29
Q

tx of ichthyosis

A

ammonium lactate

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30
Q

membrane of thickened skin with crackles or fissures. Can be lethal if lungs can’t develop

A

Collodion baby (ichthyosis)

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31
Q

hardening of the stratum corneum

A

ichthyosis

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32
Q

tx for epidermolysis bullosa

A

topical ointments, non stick dressing
padding
intermittent abx for infections

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33
Q

Non-infectious, inflammatory epidermal conditions. The rash will itch

A

Eczematous conditions

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34
Q

Red itchy papules and vesicles with oozing and crusting crusting – Cheeks, forehead, scalp, trunk and extremities.

A

infantile form of atopic dermatitis

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35
Q

Circumscribed, scaly patches on wrists, ankles, and popliteal fossa

A

childhood phase of atopic dermatitis

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36
Q

Dry thick confluent papules; lichenified plaques

A

adult phase (>12) atopic dermatitis

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37
Q

what does the nummular form of atopic dermatitis look like?

A

round, “coins”, prurtitic

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38
Q

a person with atopic dermatitis is likely to also ahve what?

A

food allergies

asthma

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39
Q

tx of atopic dermatitis

A

emollient (lubricants 2-4x per day, oil based)
reduce bathing
avoid allergens
steroid creams/ ointments (use lowest potency that works)

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40
Q

pruritic vesicular rash of hands or feet. manifestation of ezcema. May see it after little blisters popped

A

Dyshidrotic eczema

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41
Q

when does dyshidrotic eczema usually occur

A

summer into winter or winter into summer

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42
Q

tx for Dyshidrotic eczema

A

antiperspirants and high potency topical steroids

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43
Q

Erythematous, often moist rash

Excessive moisture, skin maceration leads to inflammation

A

Intertrigo

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44
Q

where does intertrigo often occur

A

neck and thigh folds of chubby infants

any folds of obese patients

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45
Q

tx of intertrigo

A

Drying, mild topical steroids (avoid ointments)

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46
Q

Diaper or napkin rash
Present within hours of exposure
Involved areas have had direct contact with irritant

A

Irritant contact dermatitis

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47
Q

tx for irritant contact dermatitis

A

clean and dry

use barrier

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48
Q

Erythema, papules, vesicles, oozing
Intense pruritis
Delayed presentation after exposure – 18 hrs to 2 days

A

Allergic contact dermatitis

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49
Q

causes of allergic contact dermatitis

A

poison ivy, oak
nickel
neomycin (topical)

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50
Q

tx of allergic contact dermatitis

A

corticosteroid (topical or systemic) d/t allergic part

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51
Q

Common in infants and toddlers, also present in older children who have poor oral habits
Papular erythematous perioral rash

A

perioral dermatitis

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52
Q

tx for perioral dermatitis

A

behavior change
mild steroid cream (don’t want it on mucus membranes)
vaseline at bedtime (Barrier)

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53
Q

Greasy, yellow (or salmon) colored, scaling lesions lesions. most common scalp
May spread over face, intertriginous and flexural areas, trunk, and groin.

non-pruritc

A

seborrheic dermatitis

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54
Q

tx for seborrheic dermatitis

A

topical steroids and antiseborrheic shampoos

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55
Q

Mongolian Spots (slate-grey, blue patch)
Melanocytic Nevi
Salmon patches, nevus simplex, port-wine stain
Hemangiomas

A

Birthmarks

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56
Q

up to how many cafe au lait spots are normal

A

up to 5

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57
Q

freckling where can indicate cafe au lait spots?

A

axilla or flexor spaces

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58
Q

depper hemangioma. Deep vascular malformations

A

cavernous angioma

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59
Q

is there increased risk of malignant melanoma with congenital melanocytic nevi?

A

Yes, a slight risk

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60
Q

what is a term that describes the multi-color nevi.

A

Variegated

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61
Q

Do congenital melanocytes get bigger?

A

No, they don’t and they don’t increase in proportion to the baby

62
Q

what are ash leaf spots?

A

white spots

63
Q

Cutaneous distribution of
1st br of trigeminal nerve
-MR, seizures, glaucoma

A

Sturge Weber Syndrome

64
Q

when does a hemangioma reach their maximum size?

A

6-8 months

65
Q

how do hemangiomas start off?

A

Flat macule and grow into recognizable cherry or strawberry appearance

66
Q

when do deep, cavernous hemangiomas reach max size?

A

12-14 months

67
Q

Hemangiomas should be followed careful by who?

A

dermatologist/ ENT

68
Q

Primarily an adult disease but 30% of cases start in childhood
Chronic and relapsing course
Well demarcated, erythematous, scaly papules and plaques

A

Psoriasis

69
Q

psoriasis that can follow strep infection.

A

Guttate psoriasis

70
Q

tx for psoriasis

A

Topical steroids ,Coal tar, Sunlight, moisturizers, methotrexate in diffuse or pustular cases

71
Q

what has a herald patch. starts off with single lesion then oval patches. X-mas tree distribution

A

Pityriasis Rosea

72
Q

Oval shaped ring or patch on torso, upper thigh 2-5cm
1-2 weeks prior to rash.
Last several weeks to months
Usually asymptomatic, 25% pruritis

A

Pityriasis Rosea

73
Q

tx for Pityriasis Rosea

A

no txmt

antihistamines , low potency steroid for itch

74
Q

honey colored crust”with red base, often nasolabial area

A

Impetigo

75
Q

causative agents of impetigo

A

staph aureus

but GAS can cause it

76
Q

where is impetigo most often found

A

near nose and mouth

77
Q

tx for impetigo

A

antistaph abx
cephalexin
clindamycin
Mupirocin (localized dz)

78
Q

how do you tx bullous impetigo?

A

systemic antibiotics

79
Q

complications of impetigo

A

Acute Post-streptococcal Glomerulonephritis (APSGN)

80
Q

Rapidly spreading warm macular erythema

Most common on face in infants and young children

A

Erysipelas

81
Q

what causes erysipelas

A

strep pyogenes

82
Q

tx for erysipelas

A

pen G or equivalent

83
Q

Deep, indurated erythema -> fluctuant mass

Commonly staph

A

Cellulitis/ Abscess

84
Q

tx for cellulitis/ abscess

A

anti-staphylococcal antibiotics

drain abscess

85
Q

if there is streaking what is the cellulitis/ abscess caused by?

A

strep

86
Q

Discrete pustules with surrounding erythema

Scalp where hair is pulled, under diaper, areas of chafing

A

Folliculitis

87
Q

what causes folliculitis

A

staph and strep

88
Q

what causes hot tub foliculitis

A

pseudomonas

89
Q

how do you tx folliculitis

A

topical (cleaning +/- topical anitbiotics)

90
Q

Epidermolytic toxins cause loss of cell to cell adhesion
Tender erythroderma turn to pustules to bullae.
Systemic sign include fever, irritability, vomiting

A

staph scalded skin

91
Q

tx for staph scalded skins

A

staph abxs

92
Q

Annular or nummular scaling red plaques
Often with “trailing scale”
Pruritic

A

Tinea corporis

93
Q

tx for tineas

A

topical therapy

imidazoles, clotrimazole, miconazole, econazole

94
Q

do you use nystatis for tinea?

A

no

95
Q

what are ring like lesions that can look like tinea but aren’t

A 
Nummular eczema (will be scaly in center) 
granuloma annulare
96
Q

target lesions with rings and central clearing. allergic rxn

A

erythema multiforme

97
Q

Patients often note scaling red areas on scalp
May have hair loss
More severe cases may have pustules or fluctuance
Itch

A

Tinea capitis

98
Q

what is a much deeper infection and form of tinea capitis that need oral abx.

A

kerion

99
Q

how do tx tinea capitis

A

topical is ineffective

griseofulvin or other oral meds

100
Q

similar to tinea corporis but in groin

A

tinea cruris

101
Q

is athlete’s foot common in kids?

A

No, often eczema

102
Q

similar to tinea corporis but in groin

A

tinea cruris

103
Q

Very superficial scaling in polycyclic pattern with reduced tanning
Involved areas pale on tan skin and dark on pale skin
Most often involves back and upper arms

A

Tinea versicolor

104
Q

tx for tinea versicolor

A

selenium sulfide

topical anti-fungals

105
Q

treatment for candida

A

Nystatin (oral for thrush, cream for diaper)

106
Q

Involves intertriginous areas
Erythematous, sometimes moist
Satellite lesions

A

Diaper rash (thrush)

107
Q

treatment for candida

A

Nystatin (oral for thrush, cream for diaper)

108
Q

tx for flat warts

A

retin-A

109
Q

what should be avoided in tx for warts

A

surgical excision or electrocautery

110
Q

tx for condyomata acuminata

A

podophyllin

111
Q

what should be avoided in tx for warts

A

surgical excision or electrocautery

112
Q

what causes moluscum contagiosum in kids?

A

atopic dermatitis

113
Q

tx of molluscum contagiosum

A

curettage
liquid nitrogen
podophyllin

114
Q

Firm, umbilicated pearly papules with waxy surface pearly grey

A

moluscum contagiosum

115
Q

tx for scabies

A

Permethrin 5% (Elimite®)

Lindane (Kwell®), potentially neurotoxic in infants

116
Q

tx for lice

A

Permethrin (Nix® or Elimite ®)
pyrethrum (Rid ®) or
lindane (Kwell ®) shampoos
nit comb

117
Q

causes of erythema nodosum

A 
strep infections
IBD
drug rxn
primary TB
idiopathic
118
Q

Tender nodules over shins/legs, +/-fever

A

Erythema nodosum

119
Q

what cauess erythema multiforme

A 
HSV 
mycoplasms pneumonia
other infections
drug reactions 
idiopathic
120
Q

Minor upper respiratory infection, and a few days later the patient suddenly becomes very unwell.
Red blistered, eroded, bloody or crusted lips (cheilitis), mouth (stomatitis) and genitals (mucosal ulceration)
Red, sticky and painful eyes (conjunctivitis), which may become scarred , can affect cornea
will have fever, systemic toxicity, swollen lymph glands.

A

Stevens Johnson Syndrome

121
Q

Meds than can cause SJS syndrome

A

antibiotics containing penicillin, sulfa, tetracycline, bactrin
NSAIDs- naproxen, ibuprofen
anticonvulsants- carbamazepine, phenytoin

122
Q

Blistering and peeling of top layer of skin
seem more with Drug reaction ( or infection reaction / malignancy) >30% of surface area.
Severe form of SJS (same causes)

A

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN)

123
Q 
Blistering and peeling of top layer of skin
Drug reaction ( or infection reaction / malignancy) >30% of surface area.
A

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN)

124
Q

Prodome presents with Cough, conjunctivitis and Coryza (cold), high fever and possibly Koplik spots

A

Measles

125
Q

How does the measles macular rash spread?

A

Head and neck first then spreads cephalocaudal

126
Q

how do you tx measles

A

supportive

127
Q

what virus causes rubella?

A

Rubivirus

128
Q

presents with non-specific respiratory symptoms that then have retroauricular, posterior cervical and posterior occipital lymphadenopathy.

A

Rubella (german measles)

129
Q

how does rubella rash spread?

A

beginning of face and progressing to toes

130
Q

what type rash is rubella?

A

maculopapular

131
Q

tx for rubella

A

supportive

132
Q

caused by HHV6 and HHV7 common in the spring.

will have a URI, nasal congestion, red TM”s, irritable

A

Roseola Infantum

Sixith dz

133
Q

age range common for roseola infantum

A

6 months-3 years

134
Q

rash for roseola infantum

A

Diffuse maculopapular rose-colored rah

135
Q

patient presents with firm, red cheeks that are warm “slapped cheeks” and lacy pink macular rash on torso and extremities. For prodrome stage will have low grade fever, HA and URI.

A

Parvo B19 virus

136
Q

what can Parvo B19 virus cause for the baby of a pregnant women?

A

Hydrops

137
Q

Tx for Parvo B19 virus

A

supportive

138
Q

Vascular rash in varying stages of development. Common in late winter/ early spring.
“dew drop on a rose”

A

Varicella

139
Q

how does varicella rash spread?

A

Starts on trunk then goes to face and extremities

140
Q

when can a child with varicella go back to school

A

Once all the vesicles have crusted

141
Q

Where do you get the varicella vaccine?

A

12-15 months and again at 4-6 years

142
Q

what can you give to accelerate cutaneous healing of shings as well as help w/ the resolution of acute neuritis and reduce the risk of postherpatic neuralgia

A

oral antivirals

143
Q

When and whom is coxackie A16 common? what is its common name?

A

Hand, Foot, and Mouth dz
summer and fall
<5 years old

144
Q

Low-grade fever for 2-3 days followed by onset of sores in mouth and vesicles on palms and soles
Oral lesions typically involve tongue, gingiva, buccal mucosa
Hand and foot lesions asymptomatic

A

Hand, foot and fouth dz
Coxsackie A16
(sometimes Enterovirus 71 or other enterovirus (can be severe)

145
Q

tx for hand foot and mouth

A

symptomatic

146
Q

bright red, acutely painful skin – most obvious periorally, periorbitally, and flexural areas of neck, axilla, popliteal, groin
Due to circulating toxin from Staphlococcus species

A

scalded skin syndrome

147
Q

what type cellulitis spreads more easily?

A

Strep (GAS)

148
Q

what type cellulitis is localized w/ purulent center.

A

Staph (coag positive)

149
Q

Occurs in the epidermis or uppermost layer of skin cells is called…

A

Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS)

150
Q

Occurs in the lamina densa and upper dermis (deeper layers of skin cells) is called …..

A

Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB)

151
Q

Occurs in the lamina lucida within the basement membrane zone (layer lying between the epidermis and dermis) is called…

A

Junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB)

Old Peds (15 decks)

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