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Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a CBC?

A

It is a Complete Blood Count

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2
Q

HgB is measured in?

A

g/dL

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3
Q

MCV stands for?

A

Mean Corpuscular Volume

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4
Q

MCV is measured in?

A

fL (1x10^-15)

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5
Q

What does HCT stand for?

A

Hematocrit

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6
Q

What is HCT measured in?

A

%

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7
Q

MCH stands for?

A

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin

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8
Q

What is MCH measured in?

A

pg (1x10^-12)

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9
Q

MCHC stands for?

A

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration

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10
Q

What is MCHC measured in?

A

g/dL or %

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11
Q

RDW stands for?

A

Relative Distribution Width

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12
Q

What is RDW measured in?

A

%

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13
Q

What is WBC measured in?

A

x 10^3 / uL

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14
Q

What is RBC measured in

A

x 10^6 / uL

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15
Q

What are PLTs measured in?

A

x 10^3 / uL

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16
Q

A diff count is measured in?

A

%

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17
Q

What does Leukocytosis mean and what does it usually mean?

A

It means a high WBC count and usually is a sign of a bacterial infection.

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18
Q

What does Leukopenia mean and what does it usually mean?

A

It means a low WBC count and usually is a sign of a viral infection.

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19
Q

CBC measures what to get a Hemoglobin?

A

The oxygen-carrying capacity of the RBC.

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20
Q

If a patient has a low HgB then the patient is ___.

A

Anemia

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21
Q

Normal HgB values for a male is?

A

16 +/- 2 g/dL

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22
Q

Normal HgB values for a female is?

A

14 +/- 2 g/dL

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23
Q

CBC measures what to get a Hematocrit value?

A

The % of RBC in a volume of whole blood.

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24
Q

Another name for Hematocrit is?

A

Packed cell volume

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25
Q

A low HCT is a sign of an ________.

A

Anemia

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26
Q

Normal HCT values for a male is?

A

46 +/- 5 %

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27
Q

Normal HCt values for a female is?

A

42 +/- 5%

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28
Q

H&H means

A

Hemoglobin and Hermatocrit

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29
Q

The rules of 3 (under normal conditions) are.

A

RBC x 3 = HgB and HgB x 3 = HCT

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30
Q

Exceptions to the rules of 3

A

Severe Dehydration cased by Vomiting & diarrhea make the HgB values typically read higher than what they actually are.
Acute Blood Loss cased by Gun shot wounds, Auto accidents, Surgery, or Miscarriages can cause the H/H reads lower than expected.
Iron Deficiency Anemia causes the RBC usually higher than expected for the Hgb.

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31
Q

MCV is the __________.

A

Most stable of all of the CBC parameters and can be used as delta checks.

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32
Q

CBC measures what to get a MCV?

A

The size/volume of RBCs.

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33
Q

Normal MCV values for a male is?

A

87 +/- 7 fL

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34
Q

Normal MCV values for a female is?

A

90 +/- 9 fL

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35
Q

A low MCV means?

A

Microcytic RBCs

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36
Q

A high MCV means?

A

Macrocytic RBCs

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37
Q

Normal RBC suggests a _______.

A

Normocytic RBCs

38
Q

CBC measures what to get a MCH?

A

Indicates the actual weight (in pg) of the hemoglobin in the RBCs.

39
Q

Normal ranges for both male and female are?

A

27.0 - 31.0 pg

40
Q

MCHC can not be over _______.

41
Q

CBC measures what to get a MCHC?

A

By expressing the raio of the weight of HgB to the volume of the RBC.

42
Q

MCHC determines what of the RBC?

43
Q

A low MCHC means?

A

Hypochromic RBC

44
Q

A normal MCHC means?

A

Normochromic RBC

45
Q

High MCHC are

A

Can happen but usually indicates a error in the HgB or RBC reading.

46
Q

Normal MCHC values for both male and female are?

A

35 +/- 2 g/dL

47
Q

If the displays a MCHC of 40 g/dl or higher and all the controles are in then what?

A

The blood specimen is most likely lipemic.

48
Q

Microcytic and Hypochromic are

A

Always found together.

49
Q

How to calculate a MCV?

A

MCV = (HCT / RBC) x 10

50
Q

How to calculate a MCH?

A

MCH = (HgB / RBC) x 10

51
Q

How to calculate a MCHC?

A

MCHC = (HgB / HCT) x 10

52
Q

CBC measures what to get a RDW?

A

The variation of RBC size.

53
Q

The normal values for both male and female are?

54
Q

High RDW means and is called what?

A

There is a increased variation in RBC size, which is called Anisocytosis. This can be seen by a broad bases RBC histogram.

55
Q

Normal PLT values in both males and females are?

A

130 - 400 x 10^3/uL

56
Q

Thrombocytopenia mean?

A

Low PLT count and a patient bleeds a lot.

57
Q

Thrombocytosis means?

A

High PLT coumt

58
Q

What is a Differentail Count of Diff?

A

it is a manual differential count of 100 WBCs.

59
Q

Absolute Value is calculated by?

A

Taking the % on the differntial and multiplying by the total WBC count.

60
Q

A Relative number is?

A

Just the % of each WBC on the differential.

61
Q

Relative lymphocytosis is when?

A

The % of Lymphs on the diff are increased.

62
Q

Absolute lymphocytosis is when?

A

The absolute number of Lymphs are increased.

63
Q

What is the S.I. Unit for WBC?

64
Q

What is the S.I. Unit for RBC?

A

x 10^12 /L

65
Q

What is the S.I. Unit for HgB?

66
Q

What is the S.I. Unit for HCT?

67
Q

What is the S.I. Unit for PLT?

68
Q

What is the Conventional Unit for WBC?

A

x 10^3 /uL

69
Q

What is the Conventional Unit for RBC?

A

x 10^6 /uL

70
Q

What is the Conventional Unit for HgB?

71
Q

What is the Conventional Unit for HCT?

72
Q

What is the Conventional Unit for PLT?

73
Q

1,000 uL = _ mL

74
Q

1,000 mL = _ L

75
Q

1 L = ___ uL

76
Q

Internal QC is?

A

3 Time Done Daily

77
Q

External QC is?

A

A unknown QC that is run usually every 3 months and is sent of to be compared to other labs.

78
Q

What can be used as a Delta Check?

79
Q

What is Accuracy?

A

The exactness of a measuremet in comparison with the true value.

80
Q

What is Precision?

A

Measures the reproducibility of an analyzer.

81
Q

How do you calculate a CV or Coefficient of Variation?

A

CV = SD / Mean x 100

82
Q

A CV of > 5% is?

A

Unacceptable

83
Q

13S or R4S and can indicate?

A

Indicate random error, and can be causes by the sample might not be mixed well, technical error, etc.

84
Q

22S, 41S, 10X and can indicate?

A

Indicate systematic error, and can be caused by a deteriorating reagents, instrument needs cleaning, etc.

85
Q

Westgard Rules

A

Rules that tell you if there is somthing wrong with your machine.

86
Q

Bulls Moving Average

A

Uses the RBC to check the controls

87
Q

What are the limitations to Bulls Moving Average?

A

Not sensitive to random errors.
Very sensitive to patient population; a number of oncology patients could affect the calculation in the absence of instrument malfunction.
This method does not directly monitor the WBC and platelet counts.

88
Q

Diagnostic Sensitivity

A

Proportion of patients with the disease who have a positive test result.

89
Q

Diagnostic Specificity

A

Proportion of patients who are identified correctly by the test as not having the disease.

90
Q

Positive Predictive Value

A

The proportion of patients with a disease who have a positive test result compared with all patients who have a positive test result.
Used to assess the diagnostic reliability of a positive test result.

91
Q

Negative Predictive Value

A

The proportion of patients without a disease who have a negative test result compared with all patients who have a negative test result.
Used to assess the diagnostic reliability of a negative test result.

Hematology (9 decks)

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