Lecture 2

Question 1

When injected with antigen as vaccines what is produced?

Answer 1

IgM followed by IgG

Question 2

re-exposure to antigen indices rapid, robust repose with prolonged high affinity ___

Answer 2

IgG (no IgM)

Question 3

A CD40-deficient patients will have normal levels of ___but low levels of ___and ___

Answer 3

A CD40-deficient patients will have normal levels of IgM but low levels of IgG and IgA

Question 4

When naive B cells become memory cells, they change expression of _____ _____

Answer 4

surface markers

Question 5

Hyper IgM is caused by what?

Answer 5

the B cells keep making IgM antibodies because they can’t switch to a different kind of antibody. This results in an overproduction of IgM antibodies and an underproduction of all other types, IgA, IgG, and IgE.

Question 6

Lymphocytes and white blood cells are collected in areas of ____ ____ in lymphoid organs (e.g spleen)

Answer 6

White pulp

Question 7

What are the two outcomes of the B and T cell encounter in lymphoid organs?

Answer 7

Generation of plasma cells (low affinity, bu first antibodies produced)

and GC formation - changing of isotype and impriving affinity

Question 8

What 5 processes happen within GC B cells:

Answer 8

Clonal expansion - t cell driven proliferation

Isotype switching - changing of constant region of the antibody heavy chain (can go wrong)

somatic hypermutation - random introduction of point mutations in the V region (changes effector function)

Affinity maturation - selection of b cells that have improved affinity for antigen - remainder die

Memory formation - induce high affinity GC B cells to differentiate into either memory B cells of plasma cells (live for ages)