Lecture 18

Question 1

There are up to _ million deaths a year of malaria

Answer 1

1

Question 2

What are the obstancles to combating Malaria?

Answer 2

No highly effecive control measures

No Vaccine available yet

Drug resistance widespread and increasing

Insecticide resistance

Economic, social and political facrors

Question 3

In Plasmodium knowlsei the mosquito is infected by feeding on _______

Answer 3

monkeys

Question 4

Uncomplicated malaria presents clinically as ..

Answer 4

Flulike” illness

Question 5

what are the clinical features of malaria?

Answer 5

Severe anemia

Cerebral complications (coma, convulsions)

Respiratory distress and metabolic acidosis

Question 6

What is the treatment of mild malaria?

Answer 6

short course of anti -malarial tablets

There is another drug to target latent cells in liver cells

Question 7

what is the treatment for servere Malaria?

Answer 7

Anti-malarials (IV) as well as quinine

Intensive care treatments

Question 8

What are the 3 types of immunity for Malaria

Answer 8

1. Immunity that prevents severe infection
2. Immunity that prevent any malaria
3. Immunity to Malaria in pregnancy

Question 9

What are some Parasitic factors for slow development of immunity?

Answer 9

Multple antigenic targets (~5000 genes)

Antigenic diversity:major targets slwo substantial polymorphism

Anigenic variation: gene families allow swithhcing to evade

Question 10

What are some Host factors for slow development of immunity?

Answer 10

Inadequate response (esp. young children)

Non-functional/ irrelevant responses

Poor development of memory responses

Question 11

Illness is essentially from unrestricted ______ in the bloodstream leading to….

Answer 11

Illness is essentially from Unrestricted replication in the bloodstream leading to….

Malarial parasites accumulate in vital organs

Inflamm. response

Desruction of RBCs

Question 12

parasites with no PfEMP1 will not have much antibody recognition, meaning it is the main…

Answer 12

target for the immun response

Question 13

There are ______ of different var genes that exist in nature

Answer 13

Thousansd of var genes

Question 14

Match the var PfEMP1 expression to the adhesive molecules they target

var a
var b
var c
var d
var e

Answer 14

Match the var PfEMP1 expression to the adhesive molecules they target

var a - CD36
var b - CSA
var c - CD36 & ICAM-1
var d - HS & CR1
var e - other

Question 15

The main action of antibodies involves

Answer 15

To merozoites: inhibit RBC invasion and growth

to infected RBCs: Opsonization for phagocytosis

Question 16

A specific variant of PfEMP1 is important for placental infection it is…

what does it do?

Answer 16

var2csa

Mediates adhesion of parasitised RBCs to receptors in the placenta
- Primary receptor is a carbohydrate (CSA, chondroitin sulfate A)

Question 17

Little immunity to ____ is acquired before pregnancy

Answer 17

Little immunity to var2csa is acquired before pregnancy

Question 18

var2csa enables parsitised RBCs to accumulate in large numbers in the ______

Answer 18

placenta

evades existing immunity