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Molecule to Malady > Lecture 10 > Flashcards

Lecture 10 Flashcards

1
Q

The lung bud appears at day __-__

It begins as a ___ outpouching of the primitive foregut

it is of ______ origin

A

The lung bud appears at day 26-28

It begins as a ventral outpouching of the primitive foregut

it is of endodermal origin

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2
Q

The second stage of lung development is _________

weeks _-_

afterward there are __generations of airways

A

The second stage of lung development is Pseudoglandular

weeks 6-16

afterward there are 16 generations of airways

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3
Q

The Canalicular stage (3rd) is of weeks __-__

____ (gas exchange region) starts to develop

A

The Canalicular stage (3rd) is of weeks 16-26

Acinar (gas exchange region) starts to develop

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4
Q

_____ Trimester: Alveolar stage

Sacules form into the alveolar ducts and alveoli

Sacules become __ ______, and separate further

A

Third Trimester: Alveolar stage

Sacules form into the alveolar ducts and alveoli

Sacules become thin walled

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5
Q

There are physical and cellular defence mechanisms of the lung, some examples are:

A

Phydivsl

shape

reflexes (sneeze, cough)

mucociliary escalator

Cellular

Phagocytes

immunological

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6
Q

Mucociliary escalator

Airway _____ liquid (ASL) has 2 layers

_____ layer

______ layer

  • mucous produced by secretory cells (incl. _____ cells)
  • Mucus propelled by ____ (Beat 12-15 times per second, 1mm per/min)
A

Mucociliary escalator

Airway surface liquid (ASL) has 2 layers

periciliary layer

Mucous layer

  • mucous produced by secretory cells (incl. Goblet cells)
  • Mucus propelled by cilia (Beat 12-15 times per second, 1mm per/min)
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7
Q

What is within the acinus

A
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8
Q

If you breath all the air out - thats your ______ volume

A

residual

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9
Q

___ (forced expiratory volume) is after 1 second

FVC is ___fored expiration

A

FEV (forced xpiratory volume) is after 1 second

FVC is total fored expiration

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10
Q

Pulmnary disease in CF is a significant amount of M&M

what are some of the pulmonary exacerbations?

A

Increased cough & sputum production

  • Increased dyspnoea
  • Lethargy/poor appetite
  • Reduced lung function
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11
Q

ENaC - regulated movement of Na, in and out of a cell

A

ENaC - regulated movement of __ , in and out of a cell

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12
Q

WIth CF you lose the inhibition of eNaC - leading to ______ absorption of Na (and hence water)

A

Increased absorption

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13
Q

With more ASL being moved into the cells - the mucus plaque on the surface epithelium becomes a hindrance to the beating of the _____ as there is an absence of _______

A

With more ASL being moved into the cells - the mucus plaque on the surface epithelium becomes a hindrance to the beating of the cilia as there is an absence of lubrication

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14
Q

Increased oxygen consumption by CF epithelia can lead to an increasily ________ environment

which is ideal for…

A

Increased oxygen consumption by CF epithelia can lead to an increasily anaerobic environment

which is ideal for growth of certain bacteria

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15
Q

CFTR also regulates gluthanione and theiocyanate concentration in the fluid of the epithelial lining

  • gluthanione deficiencies in ASL may contribute to…..
A

lung inflammation and oxidative stress

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16
Q

CFTR results in exagerrated mostly ______ inflammation

A

neutrophilic inflammation

17
Q

True or False

Due to Neutrophilic inflammation, antiptotease defences in the airways are overwhelmed by the protease burden in the lung

A

true

The overwhelmed anitprotease defences are a direct result of CF

18
Q

True or False

CF arways are exposed to oxygen radicals derived from environmental oxygen and bacterial products and also from the host immune response

A

True

19
Q

There is an incerased cellular response to inflammatory triggers

what is the possible cause of this?

A

dysregulated activitiy of transcription factors

20
Q

Accumulation of abnormally foled CFTR in ER results in unfolded protein responses that trigger…

A

Accumulation of abnormally foled CFTR in ER results in unfolded protein responses that trigger cell stress and apopotosis

21
Q

What are the ways in which exrtacellular stimuli can lead a CF cell to apoptosis?

A
22
Q

True or False

CFTR helps engulf pseudomonas into the cell and kill it

A

true

23
Q

True or False

Haemophilis influenzae is a common Pathogen in respiratory systems,

A

True

24
Q

true ot false

the majority of morbidity of CF is due to lung disease

A

True

25
Q
A

Molecule to Malady (36 decks)

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