Lecture 2 Flashcards
Barriers to betacoronavirus spillover
Host entry and fusion
Describe the entry and fusion of SARS-CoV-2
Entry: Virus attaches to the human cell through interactions with receptor (ACE 2). Cell-surface proteases then cleave the virus and activate it. Following activation, the virus is endocytosed where it is acted upon by lysosomal protease to release the viral genome into the cell. Binding to ACE2 initiates the entry process
Fusion: furin cleavage site allows SARS-CoV-2 fusion
What drives coronavirus evolution
Recombination
When two strains infect a cell, the viruses can replicate and mix to create a hybrid
Evolution and recombination impact what?
ACE2 usage
Can spread ACE2 usage
how can we assess spillover potential in silico, in vitro, in vivo
In silico
Structural homology
Binding prediction
Epidemiological modeling
Ecological modeling
In vitro
Pseudovirus systems
Chimeric viruses
Cell culture
Organoids
In vivo
Mice
Animal models
Non-human primates