lecture 2

Question 1

nervous system is composed of these 2 major cells:

Answer 1

neurons and gilal cells

Question 2

how many neurons in human brain?

Answer 2

100 billion

Question 3

how many synapses in human brain?

Answer 3

100 trillion

Question 4

what are synapses?

Answer 4

the gap where two neurons meet

Question 5

what do glial cells do?

Answer 5

provide support for neurons by supplying nourishment to neurons, remove waste product, and insulation around axons

Question 6

basic parts of the neuron: (6)

Answer 6

soma, nucleus, dendrites, axon, terminal buttons, synapse (or synaptic cleft)

Question 7

soma and what does it contain?

Answer 7

cell body, and contains the nucleus and organelles of the neuron

Question 8

dendrites:

Answer 8

part of neuron that receives info from other neurons

Question 9

axon:

Answer 9

long thin fiber that transmits signal from the soma to other neurons, muscles or glands. most covered in myelin sheath

Question 10

terminal buttons:

Answer 10

small knobs that secrete neurotransmitters which enters the synapse between two neurons to send info to the dendrite of the neighboring neuron

Question 11

principal neurons:

Answer 11

sends signals to another brain region

Question 12

interneurons:

Answer 12

receives and sends signals within a local region in the nervous system

Question 13

motor neurons

Answer 13

has dendrites that extend it over a long distance to send signals to muscles

Question 14

sensory neurons:

Answer 14

receive signals from sensory organs

Question 15

how do neurons communicate?

Answer 15

by producing electrical energy to signal terminal buttons to release neurotransmitters into the synapse

Question 16

excitatory post synaptic potentials is a:

Answer 16

positive voltage shift that increases the likelihood the next neuron will fire an action potential

Question 17

inhibitory post synaptic potentials is a:

Answer 17

negative voltage shift that decreases the likelihood the next neuron will fire an action potential

Question 18

GABA produces ______ effects on neurons

Answer 18

inhibitory

Question 19

glumamate produces ____ effects on neurons

Answer 19

excitatory

Question 20

agonists:

Answer 20

chemicals that mimic the action of a neurotransmitter

Question 21

antagonists are:

Answer 21

chemicals that oppose the action of a neurotransmitter

Question 22

cell assembly:

Answer 22

interconnected neurons representing a perception of concept, which could be strengthened by experience

Question 23

long term potentiation:

Answer 23

cellular mechanism for strengthening connection between neurons, increasing EPSP and probability of action potential

Question 24

long term potentiation requires 2 synaptic events:

Answer 24

1. pre synaptic signal
2. increase in the potential of the post synaptic cell

Question 25

long term depression:

Answer 25

decrease in synaptic efficiency

Question 26

where does long term potentiation and long term depression occur

Answer 26

hippocampus, amygdala, striatum and elsewhere in cerebral cortex

Question 27

hippocampus function:

Answer 27

consolidation of memory

Question 28

amygdala function:

Answer 28

emotions, fear, aggression

Question 29

olfactory bulb:

Answer 29

processes sense of smell

Question 30

cingulate gyrus function:

Answer 30

emotions and behaviors