Lecture 1b: History of Cancer

Question 1

Definition of Cancer

Answer 1

Group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells which can spread and invade nearby tissues.

Question 2

Characteristics of Series of Mutations

Answer 2

Deregulated growth & Immortalization

Question 3

Characteristics of Modified Cells

Answer 3

Divide at high rates, Detach, Establish themselves at new sites.

Question 4

2 main categories of cancer

Answer 4

Hematologic (Blood Cancers & Solid Tumor Cancers

Question 5

Hematologic (Blood) Cancer Definition

Answer 5

Cancers of the blood cells (Leukemia lymphoma, and multiple myeloma

Question 6

Solid Tumor Cancer Definition

Answer 6

Cancers of any of the other body organs or tissues. The most common solid tumors are breast, prostate, lung, and colorectal.

Question 7

Cancer is the ________ leading cause of death in the United States

Answer 7

Second

Question 8

One of every _______ deaths in the United States is due to cancer

Answer 8

Four

Question 9

For every 100,000 people, _______ new cancer cases were reported and _______ people died of cancer

Answer 9

436 & 149

Question 10

Top 5 cancers by rates of new cancer cases

Answer 10

1. Female Breast
2. Lung and Bronchus
3. Prostate
4. Colon and Rectum
5. Melanomas of the Skin

Question 11

Top 5 cancers by rates of cancer deaths

Answer 11

1. Lung and Bronchus
2. Colon and Rectum
3. Pancreas
4. Female Breast
5. Prostate

Question 12

From 1999 to 2019 Cancer rates dropped _____%?

Answer 12

27%

Question 13

Only _____% of all cancer related deaths occur before the age of 40 in the USA

Answer 13

1.7%

Question 14

____% of cancers are diagnosed in those aged >50 years

Answer 14

90%

Question 15

What are the earliest signs of cancer?

Answer 15

Tumor in Cretaceous Hadrosaurs from 70 million years ago.

Question 16

Where and when was the earliest known description of cancer found in.

Answer 16

Seven papyri, an early copy of the greek new testament. Discovered and deciphered in the late 19th century.

Question 17

Law code 215 of Hammurabi

Answer 17

If a physician operates on a man for a sever wound with a bronze helmet and saves the man’s life or if he opens an abscess in the eye of a man with a bronze lancet and saves the man’s eye, he shall receive ten shekels of silver.

Question 18

Law code 218 of Hammurabi

Answer 18

If a man operates on a man for a sever wound with a bronze lancet and causes the man’s death, or destroy’s the man’s eye, they shall cut off his hand.

Question 19

Hippocrates

Answer 19

Coined the term “Carcinos”

Question 20

Galen

Answer 20

Another greek physician, and surgeon, and philosopher in the Roman empire. Used the word Oncos (Greek for swelling) to describe tumors

Question 21

Celsus

Answer 21

Roman physician who later translated the greek term into cancer, the latin word for crab

Question 22

Sir Percivall Pott

Answer 22

Conducted research on Chimney Sweepers’ cancer of the scrotum. First to associate cancer with occupational exposure in 1775.

Question 23

Professor Bernard Peyrilhe (1737-1804)

Answer 23

Stressed that cancer initially is a local process with extensions along the lymphatics. Scirrhus was an earlier nonulcerated stage of cancer. Sent this dissertation to win a contest at Academy of Leon.

Question 24

Peyrilhe’s Experiment

Answer 24

Inocculated a dog with fluid from a human breast cancer. Produced an ulcer in the dog.

Question 25

Scirrhus

Answer 25

Carcinoma that is hard to the touch