Lecture 10: Inflammation and Cancer

Question 1

Tumor associated macrophages in TME

Answer 1

-Inhibitory role in the early stages of cancer
-Stimulate cancer growth in the advanced stage

Question 2

Estimated ___________ of adults in the West are infected with the potentially oncogenic Epstein-Barr virus, yet EBV-induced malignancies are extremely rare

Answer 2

90%

Question 3

_______ of kidney transplant patients developed at least one type of cancer within 24 years

Answer 3

78

Question 4

Role of NK cells

Answer 4

Attack leukemic cells

Question 5

Tumor supporting functions of TAM include

Answer 5

1. Stimulating tumor cell growth by producing EGF
2. Stimulating angiogenesis
3. IMMUNOSUPPRESION through production of growth factors, chemokines, and cytokines that modulate recruitment of immune cells and inhibit anti-tumor response
4. METASTASIS by contributing to invasion, extravasation, survival, intravasation, and colonization

Question 6

TAM number correlation

Answer 6

High # of TAM correlated with aggressive cancer

Question 7

causes of localized inflammation of cancer

Answer 7

-Tumor associated macrophages
-Tumor growth
-Lymph node

Question 8

causes of systematic inflammation of cancer

Answer 8

-Due to inflammatory cytokines
-Metastasis
-Paraneoplastic syndrome
-Behavioral - Chemo-brain

Question 9

Sentinal lymph nodes

Answer 9

First lymph nodes where cancer cells might spread from a tumor

Question 10

Sentinal lymph node location for breast cancer

Answer 10

Axillary region/Underarm

Question 11

Site of metastatic spread of mammary gland

Answer 11

Draining lymphatic ducts that can carry carcinoma

Question 12

Role of steroid hormones

Answer 12

Act as pure mitogens directly driving the proliferation of potentially neoplastic epithelial cells

Question 13

Patients with IBD are at increased risk of colon cancer secondary to ___________________ and secondary to ____________________

Answer 13

-Long-standing intestinal inflammation
-Immunosuppressive therapies

Question 14

Immune checkpoint

Answer 14

Those underlying the operations of immune checkpoints dampen immune responses and ensure that they are self-limiting

Question 15

Role of PD-1 and its ligands

Answer 15

Play a vital role in inhibiting immune responses and inhibiting apoptosis induced by T-cells

Question 16

Up to 70% of cancer survivors persist deficits in ______________

Answer 16

Memory, attention, speed of information processing, multi-tasking, mental health functioning