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A&P Spring '14 Test 3 > Lecture 19 4/10/14 > Flashcards

Lecture 19 4/10/14 Flashcards

1
Q

Atelectasis

A

Collapsed lungs; but refers to in babies when they are first born;

The collapse or closure of the lung resulting in reduced or absent gas exchange. It may affect part or all of one lung

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2
Q

Type II Surfactant Cells

A

Phospholipids that reduce surface tension

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3
Q

Tidal Volume

A

Refers to the ebbing and waning of resting respiration;

Inspiration and exhalation of normal breathing without extra effort applied. Approximately about 500 ml per inspiration

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4
Q

Expiratory Reserve Volume

A

At the bottom of the tidal volume, exhaling as much as you can at the bottom of tidal volume; The expiratory reserve volume is about 1100-1200 ml

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5
Q

Residual Volume

A

Whats left over in the lungs after expiratory reserve volume;

So after you have blown out all the air in your lungs as much as you can, what’s left over is the residual volume. Residual Volume is about 1100-1200 ml

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6
Q

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

A

At the top of tidal volume, we’re gonna inspire as much as we can.

The amount of air which can be taken into the lungs beyond one’s tidal volume, using forced inspiration. Normally about 3000 ml.

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7
Q

Vital Capacity

A

IRV + TV + ERV

What we do everyday while breathing

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8
Q

Inspiratory Capacity

A

IRV + TV

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9
Q

Functional Residual Capacity

A

ERV + RV

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10
Q

Total Lung Capacity

A

IRV + TV + ERV + RV

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11
Q

Vital Capacity

A

TLC - RV

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12
Q

MVR

A

Minute Volume Respiration

Amount of air that you bring in over a minutes time

TV x RR (Respiratory Rate)

500 (Tidal Volume) x 12 (Respiratory Rate) = 6000 ml of MVR per individual.

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13
Q

Dead Air Volume (Anatomical Dead Air Space)

A

Amount of air brought into the passage ways that is not involved in gas exchange.

So about 500 ml of Tidal Volume, 150 ml of it is no real gas exchange occurs.

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14
Q

Dalton’s Law

A

each gas, in a mixture of gases, exerts it’s own pressure independent of the other gases that are not present. Each gas exerts its own partial pressure and the Summation of all the partial pressures gives us atmospheric air

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15
Q

Atmospheric Air (ATM)

A

Summation of all the partial pressures of the gases

1 ATM = 760 mm Hg

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16
Q

What percentage of Nitrogen is in the air that we breathe?

A

78%

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17
Q

What percentage of Oxygen is in the air that we breathe?

A

21%

18
Q

What percentage of Carbon Dioxide is in the air that we breathe?

A

.04%

19
Q

What percentage of H2O is in the air that we breathe?

A

.5%

20
Q

What is a tremendous oxygen reservoir?

A

Hemoglobin

21
Q

Hemoglobin (Hb) + O2 Equals What?

A

HbO2(Oxyhemoglobin)

22
Q

97% Of the O2 is bound as this molecule, hemoglobin, but leaves 3% as what?

A

Unbound and dissolved free in plasma.

23
Q

What causes the gas exchange occur between the lungs and the blood?

A

Oxygen diffuses from Alveolar sacs in the lungs to hemoglobin molecules in the red blood cells in pulmonary capillaries.

24
Q

Alveolar pO2 is what?

A

105 mm Hg

25
Q

What is the Partial Pressure in Pul. Blood pO2

A

95 mm Hg

26
Q

What is the Partial Pressure in Pul. Blood pCO2

A

45 mm Hg

27
Q

What is the Partial Pressure in Capillaries?

A

40 mm Hg

28
Q

Factors affecting the release of O2 from the Hemoglobin Molecule

A

The Bohr Affect

Lower Partial Pressure in Tissues

29
Q

The lower the partial pressure of O2 in the peripheral tissues from increased demand, the faster the oxygen is released from the what?

A

Hemoglobin

30
Q

If we increased our exercise, we’re gonna user oxygen in a faster rate. The partial pressure in those tissues will?

A

Decrease.

The greater the oxygen difference concentration between two areas

The faster movement of oxygen from one area to the next.

31
Q

The Bohr Affect

A

There are several factors that everything else being equal will take oxygen off of the hemoglobin at a faster rate.

32
Q

Increased Temperature

A

If metabolically active, increase in body temperature, kicks off the oxygen from the hemoglobin at a faster rate.

33
Q

Lower pH

A

Middle graph shows it’s at 7.4, in the bottom part of the graph it shows 7.2. Top of the graph shows 7.6

34
Q

2,3 Diphosphoglycerate

A

TCA Cycle;

Increase is this will also kick off the oxygen at a faster rate

35
Q

Lower pO2 in tissues

A

The lower the partial pressure of O2 in the tissues, the faster the oxygen will be kicked off the hemoglobin

36
Q

CO2 goes from what area of concentration to what area of concentration?

A

Higher concentration to lower concentration

37
Q

Chloride Shift

A

Every HCl3 that goes out of the RBC and into the plasma, a Chloride ion has to go from the plasma into the RBC.

38
Q

Carbon Dioxide Transport

A

Three Modes of CO2 Transport

  1. Dissolved in plasma
  2. Bound to Hemoglobin
  3. As a component of the blood buffer system
39
Q

Dissolved in plasma

A

Represents 7% of the CO2 floating or traveling through the blood stream

40
Q

Bound to Hemoglobin

A

CO2 comes into contact with the RBC and it binds with Hemoglobin

41
Q

70% of CO2 travels a different way. Where?

A

The rest of the CO2 goes into the Carbonic Acid Buffer System

A&P Spring '14 Test 3 (6 decks)

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