Lecture 19 4/10/14 Flashcards
Atelectasis
Collapsed lungs; but refers to in babies when they are first born;
The collapse or closure of the lung resulting in reduced or absent gas exchange. It may affect part or all of one lung
Type II Surfactant Cells
Phospholipids that reduce surface tension
Tidal Volume
Refers to the ebbing and waning of resting respiration;
Inspiration and exhalation of normal breathing without extra effort applied. Approximately about 500 ml per inspiration
Expiratory Reserve Volume
At the bottom of the tidal volume, exhaling as much as you can at the bottom of tidal volume; The expiratory reserve volume is about 1100-1200 ml
Residual Volume
Whats left over in the lungs after expiratory reserve volume;
So after you have blown out all the air in your lungs as much as you can, what’s left over is the residual volume. Residual Volume is about 1100-1200 ml
Inspiratory Reserve Volume
At the top of tidal volume, we’re gonna inspire as much as we can.
The amount of air which can be taken into the lungs beyond one’s tidal volume, using forced inspiration. Normally about 3000 ml.
Vital Capacity
IRV + TV + ERV
What we do everyday while breathing
Inspiratory Capacity
IRV + TV
Functional Residual Capacity
ERV + RV
Total Lung Capacity
IRV + TV + ERV + RV
Vital Capacity
TLC - RV
MVR
Minute Volume Respiration
Amount of air that you bring in over a minutes time
TV x RR (Respiratory Rate)
500 (Tidal Volume) x 12 (Respiratory Rate) = 6000 ml of MVR per individual.
Dead Air Volume (Anatomical Dead Air Space)
Amount of air brought into the passage ways that is not involved in gas exchange.
So about 500 ml of Tidal Volume, 150 ml of it is no real gas exchange occurs.
Dalton’s Law
each gas, in a mixture of gases, exerts it’s own pressure independent of the other gases that are not present. Each gas exerts its own partial pressure and the Summation of all the partial pressures gives us atmospheric air
Atmospheric Air (ATM)
Summation of all the partial pressures of the gases
1 ATM = 760 mm Hg
What percentage of Nitrogen is in the air that we breathe?
78%
What percentage of Oxygen is in the air that we breathe?
21%
What percentage of Carbon Dioxide is in the air that we breathe?
.04%
What percentage of H2O is in the air that we breathe?
.5%
What is a tremendous oxygen reservoir?
Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin (Hb) + O2 Equals What?
HbO2(Oxyhemoglobin)
97% Of the O2 is bound as this molecule, hemoglobin, but leaves 3% as what?
Unbound and dissolved free in plasma.
What causes the gas exchange occur between the lungs and the blood?
Oxygen diffuses from Alveolar sacs in the lungs to hemoglobin molecules in the red blood cells in pulmonary capillaries.
Alveolar pO2 is what?
105 mm Hg
What is the Partial Pressure in Pul. Blood pO2
95 mm Hg
What is the Partial Pressure in Pul. Blood pCO2
45 mm Hg
What is the Partial Pressure in Capillaries?
40 mm Hg
Factors affecting the release of O2 from the Hemoglobin Molecule
The Bohr Affect
Lower Partial Pressure in Tissues
The lower the partial pressure of O2 in the peripheral tissues from increased demand, the faster the oxygen is released from the what?
Hemoglobin
If we increased our exercise, we’re gonna user oxygen in a faster rate. The partial pressure in those tissues will?
Decrease.
The greater the oxygen difference concentration between two areas
The faster movement of oxygen from one area to the next.
The Bohr Affect
There are several factors that everything else being equal will take oxygen off of the hemoglobin at a faster rate.
Increased Temperature
If metabolically active, increase in body temperature, kicks off the oxygen from the hemoglobin at a faster rate.
Lower pH
Middle graph shows it’s at 7.4, in the bottom part of the graph it shows 7.2. Top of the graph shows 7.6
2,3 Diphosphoglycerate
TCA Cycle;
Increase is this will also kick off the oxygen at a faster rate
Lower pO2 in tissues
The lower the partial pressure of O2 in the tissues, the faster the oxygen will be kicked off the hemoglobin
CO2 goes from what area of concentration to what area of concentration?
Higher concentration to lower concentration
Chloride Shift
Every HCl3 that goes out of the RBC and into the plasma, a Chloride ion has to go from the plasma into the RBC.
Carbon Dioxide Transport
Three Modes of CO2 Transport
- Dissolved in plasma
- Bound to Hemoglobin
- As a component of the blood buffer system
Dissolved in plasma
Represents 7% of the CO2 floating or traveling through the blood stream
Bound to Hemoglobin
CO2 comes into contact with the RBC and it binds with Hemoglobin
70% of CO2 travels a different way. Where?
The rest of the CO2 goes into the Carbonic Acid Buffer System
