Lecture 17 4/3/14

Question 1

Nasopharynx

Answer 1

Upper part of the pharynx, just below the nasal cavity

Question 2

Nasopharynx Houses What?

Answer 2

Pharyngeotympanic tube or Eustachian tube

Pharyngeal tonsils or Adenoids

Question 3

Pharyngeotympanic tube or Eustachian tube

Answer 3

Is a tube that links the nasopharynx to the middle ear

Job is to drain the ear and to equalize pressure between the middle ear and outside air. Angle helps to drain the ear to back of the throat. In infants there is a decreased angle, which is why they have lots of ear infections. Middle pressure is greater than the external ear.

Question 4

Pharyngeal tonsils or Adenoids

Answer 4

Are found in the nasopharynx as well

Can impede the flow of air. Can be removed. Part of the lymphatic system located in the back of the throat and up into the nasal cavity. Made up of folded lymphatic tissue, lined with epithelial cells, house mucosal glands, and are covered in cilia and mucus.

Question 5

Oropharynx

Answer 5

Middle portion in the back of the mouth, from soft palate to base of the tongue. Can see when you open mouth and look down.

Question 6

Laryngeopharynx

Answer 6

Inferior to oropharynx. Includes the pharynx between the hyoid bone to the esophagus.

Question 7

Larynx

Answer 7

Region below the pharynx and above the trachea

Question 8

Larynx Contains What?

Answer 8

Mechanism for human sound or speech (Voice Box)

Epiglottis

Question 9

Epiglottis

Answer 9

Cartilage flap that covers the trachea or glottis during swallowing. Opening that travels down into the trachea.

Question 10

Sound Production

Answer 10

Occurs behind thyroid cartilage down to the cricoid. We cannot give out sound production unless we move the diaphragm. We talk when we are exhaling. Only when we’re breathing out.

Question 11

High Frequency of Sound Production

Answer 11

Cords are longer and thin

Question 12

Low Frequency of Sound Production

Answer 12

Cords are shorter, fatter or thicker, and more lax

Question 13

Trachea

Answer 13

Known as the windpipe. It lies between the levels of the C6-T5 vertebrae. Then at T5 it bifurcates (split or branch) to the left and right main bronchi.

Question 14

Trachea is Lined with What Tissues?

Answer 14

Ciliated Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelial Cells

Goblet Cells

Question 15

Ciliated Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelial Cells

Answer 15

The trachea and a large portion of the bronchial passage ways are covered by the ciliated (cilia - beat in one direction) pseudo stratified (false multilayers) they look multilayer but they are not. Epithelial because they line the inner and outer surface of the body that comes into contact with outside environment. Beat up in the upper direction.

Question 16

Goblet Cells

Answer 16

Have a brown color to them. They have a white or clear look to them when viewed under a microscope. Goblet cells produce mucus that line the inside surface of the cilia as we breathe in, terbinates creates turbulence. It causes the heavier particles to be thrown against the inside of the passage way, mucus is lining the passage and take those pollutants in which the cilia beat up in the upward direction to move that dust laid mucus up towards the larynx, or surface and then we either expectorate it out or swallow it.

Question 17

COPD

Answer 17

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Question 18

Emphysema is part of What?

Answer 18

COPD

Question 19

Description of COPD or What is it?

Answer 19

Emphysema is the unability to do gas exchange; Smoking paralyzes the Cilia. Inspiration is an active process pulling in air. Respiration is the relaxation of the muscles; Expiration is passive. Alveoli, get larger and larger and start to break out the dividers to decrease the surface area. Emphysema people can breathe air in and exhale air out but they can’t get that gas exchange.