Lecture 18/21 4/9/24 Flashcards
What are the characteristics of bovine papilloma virus?
-DNA virus
-direct and indirect contact; body fluids, fomites
-highly resistant in environment
What is the clinical manifestation of bovine papilloma virus?
papillomas on skin of young and/or immunocompromised animals
What are the characteristics of bovine papilloma virus diagnosis and treatment?
-diagnosed presumptively/by ruling out other things
-treatment not usually warranted due to self-limiting nature
How is bovine papilloma virus controlled?
-commercial or autogenous vx
-disinfection
-isolation of heavily infected animals
What are the characteristics of bovine papular stomatitis?
-parapoxvirus
-seen in young animals < 2 yo
-zoonotic
What is the clinical manifestation of bovine papular stomatitis?
vesicular lesions on lips and mouth
What are the characteristics of bovine papular stomatitis treatment and control?
-spontaneous resolution over time
-differentiate from other vesicular diseases
What are the characteristics of bovine herpesvirus 2 and 4?
-life-long infection
-recrudescence from trigeminal nerve
-mostly dermatological
-associated with cold weather and dried/damaged skin
What is the most common clinical manifestation seen with bovine herpesvirus 2 and 4?
-bovine ulcerative mammallitis
-plaques with edema
-severe ulceration
-vesicles
-dark colored scabs
How is bovine herpesvirus 2 and 4 diagnosed?
-clinical signs
-viral identification
What are the characteristics of bovine herpesvirus 2 and 4 treatment and control?
-supportive care and control of secondary infection
-disinfect fomites, esp. those in the milking process
What are the characteristics of parainfluenza-3?
-associated with bovine resp. disease complex
-mild to subclinical infections; can cause immunosuppression resulting in pneumonia
What treatment is given for parainfluenza-3?
-supportive care
-antibiotics for secondary infections
What are the characteristics of parainfluenza-3 diagnosis and controL?
-virus typically ID’d in tissue at necropsy
-commercially available vx for control
What are the characteristics of bovine resp. syncytial virus?
-RNA virus
-cytopathic effect that causes syncytial cells
-part of BRD complex
What are the clinical manifestations of bovine resp. syncytial virus?
-interstitial pneumonia
-high fever
-increased RR
-dyspnea/open mouth breathing
-SQ emphysema
-interstitial edema
How is bovine resp. syncytial virus diagnosed?
-paired serology
-ID of virus
-thoracic US
How is bovine resp. syncytial virus treated and controlled?
-supportive care and antibiotics for secondary infections
-steroids for dyspnea
-vaccination for control
What are the characteristics of bovine corona virus?
-resp. and alimentary disease
-part of normal virome
-BRD complex
What is the alimentary clinical manifestation of BCoV in calves?
-calf scours
-small int. malabsorptive diarrhea
-calves ages 2-6 wks
What is the alimentary clinical manifestation of BCoV in adults?
-winter dysentery
-acute diarrhea
-massive decrease in milk production
-100% morbidity
How is BCoV treated?
-usually self-limiting
-supportive care
-antibiotics for secondary infections
How is BCoV diagnosed and controlled?
-serology or viral ID
-vaccines and hygiene for control
What are the characteristics of bovine herpesvirus 1?
-latent infections
-recrudescence with stress
-seen in high stress pop.; feedlot/stockers, pregnancy
Which diseases are associated with bovine herpesvirus 1?
-infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (red nose)
-conjunctivitis
-abortion
-vaginitis
-infectious pustular balanoposthitis
-BRD complex
How is bovine herpesvirus 1 diagnosed?
-viral ID/PCR
-seroconversion
How is bovine herpesvirus 1 controlled?
-minimizing stress
-biosecurity
-vaccination
–MLV vx can cause abortion in naive cows
What are the characteristics of BVDV?
-RNA virus; lots of mutation
-genotypes 1 and 2
-biotypes cytopathic and non-cytopathic
-NCP type 1 and type 2 can cause PIs
-possible in cattle, goats, sheep, llamas, pigs
How are animals exposed to BVDV?
-inhalation of resp. secretions
-abortive tissue
-sexual transmission
What are the clinical manifestations of BVDV?
-acute disease/immunosuppression
-resp. immunosuppression and BRD signs
-diarrhea in young animals and mucosal disease in PIs
-infertility/abortion/embryonic death/congenital defects/PIs
During which timeframe is it possible for a NCP infection to cause PIs?
from conception to around 120 days of gestation
What happens in BVDV PI calves?
-virus is recognized as self by the developing immune system
-exposure to cytopathic BVDV at a later date can lead to severe mucosal disease
How is BVDV diagnosed?
PIs:
-antigen capture ELISA
-IHC of tissue
Exposure:
-viral ID on blood or tissue
-serum neutralizing AB
How is BVDV controlled?
-vaccination
–not cross-protective, must vx for both strains
-biosecurity
What are the characteristics of bovine leukosis virus?
-oncogenic retrovirus
-lifelong infection
-causes lymphosarcoma
-infects lymphocytes
-horizontal, blood-to-blood, or colostrum spread
-seen in dairy more than beef
How does age play a role in determining the cause of lymphosarcoma in cattle?
-in cattle 2 yrs or older, it is always associated with BLV
-juveniles can get lymphosarcoma that is non-viral
What are the predilection sites for lymphosarcoma?
-heart
-uterus
-lymph nodes
-abomasum
-spine
How is BLV diagnosed?
-clinical signs associated with neoplasia
-PCR
-serology
How is BLV controlled?
-minimize blood-to-blood contact
-colostrum management
-test and cull/segregation
What are the characteristics of malignant catarrhal fever?
-ovine herpesvirus 2
-reportable; looks like foot and mouth disease
-transmitted via nasal secretions
-cattle are dead end hosts; no other infection
-cattle infected when in close proximity to sheep
-mostly seen in cattle 24 mo. or younger
What are the clinical manifestations of malignant catarrhal fever?
-widespread vasculitis
-lymphoid proliferation
-lymphadenopathy
-nasal/oral/coronary band lesions
-hemorrhagic enteritis and cystitis
-centipedal corneal edema
-neurologic signs
-mortality near 100%
What are the differential diagnoses for malignant catarrhal fever?
-BVDV
-BHV-1
-blue tongue
-vesicular stomatitis
-EHD
-FMD
How is malignant catarrhal fever diagnosed?
PCR of virus
How is malignant catarrhal fever controlled?
separation of carriers
What are the characteristics of epizootic hemorrhagic disease?
-arbovirus
-spread by midges
-cyclic outbreaks
-cattle, deer, buffalo
What are the clinical manifestations of EHD?
-severe vasculitis
-high rectal temp
-hemorrhage and swelling
-excessive salivation
-anorexia
How is EHD diagnosed?
-clinical signs
-viral ID/PCR
How is EHD controlled?
-vector control
-wildlife pop. control
What are the characteristics of vesicular stomatitis?
-visiculovirus
-spread by biting flies and midges
-zoonotic via direct contact
-reportable
-main differential FMD; causes vesicular lesions
-seen in cattle, horses, llamas, pigs, sheep, goats
How is vesicular stomatitis diagnosed?
-clinical signs
-serologic or antigen detection
How is vesicular stomatitis controlled?
-biosecurity
-vector control
