Lecture 18/21 4/9/24 Flashcards by Danika Boltz

What are the characteristics of bovine papilloma virus?

-DNA virus
-direct and indirect contact; body fluids, fomites
-highly resistant in environment

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the clinical manifestation of bovine papilloma virus?

papillomas on skin of young and/or immunocompromised animals

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the characteristics of bovine papilloma virus diagnosis and treatment?

-diagnosed presumptively/by ruling out other things
-treatment not usually warranted due to self-limiting nature

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How is bovine papilloma virus controlled?

-commercial or autogenous vx
-disinfection
-isolation of heavily infected animals

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the characteristics of bovine papular stomatitis?

-parapoxvirus
-seen in young animals < 2 yo
-zoonotic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the clinical manifestation of bovine papular stomatitis?

vesicular lesions on lips and mouth

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the characteristics of bovine papular stomatitis treatment and control?

-spontaneous resolution over time
-differentiate from other vesicular diseases

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the characteristics of bovine herpesvirus 2 and 4?

-life-long infection
-recrudescence from trigeminal nerve
-mostly dermatological
-associated with cold weather and dried/damaged skin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the most common clinical manifestation seen with bovine herpesvirus 2 and 4?

-bovine ulcerative mammallitis
-plaques with edema
-severe ulceration
-vesicles
-dark colored scabs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How is bovine herpesvirus 2 and 4 diagnosed?

-clinical signs
-viral identification

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the characteristics of bovine herpesvirus 2 and 4 treatment and control?

-supportive care and control of secondary infection
-disinfect fomites, esp. those in the milking process

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the characteristics of parainfluenza-3?

-associated with bovine resp. disease complex
-mild to subclinical infections; can cause immunosuppression resulting in pneumonia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What treatment is given for parainfluenza-3?

-supportive care
-antibiotics for secondary infections

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the characteristics of parainfluenza-3 diagnosis and controL?

-virus typically ID’d in tissue at necropsy
-commercially available vx for control

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the characteristics of bovine resp. syncytial virus?

-RNA virus
-cytopathic effect that causes syncytial cells
-part of BRD complex

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the clinical manifestations of bovine resp. syncytial virus?

-interstitial pneumonia
-high fever
-increased RR
-dyspnea/open mouth breathing
-SQ emphysema
-interstitial edema

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How is bovine resp. syncytial virus diagnosed?

-paired serology
-ID of virus
-thoracic US

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How is bovine resp. syncytial virus treated and controlled?

-supportive care and antibiotics for secondary infections
-steroids for dyspnea
-vaccination for control

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the characteristics of bovine corona virus?

-resp. and alimentary disease
-part of normal virome
-BRD complex

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the alimentary clinical manifestation of BCoV in calves?

-calf scours
-small int. malabsorptive diarrhea
-calves ages 2-6 wks

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the alimentary clinical manifestation of BCoV in adults?

-winter dysentery
-acute diarrhea
-massive decrease in milk production
-100% morbidity

How is BCoV treated?

-usually self-limiting
-supportive care
-antibiotics for secondary infections

How is BCoV diagnosed and controlled?

-serology or viral ID
-vaccines and hygiene for control

What are the characteristics of bovine herpesvirus 1?

-latent infections
-recrudescence with stress
-seen in high stress pop.; feedlot/stockers, pregnancy

Which diseases are associated with bovine herpesvirus 1?

-infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (red nose) -conjunctivitis -abortion -vaginitis -infectious pustular balanoposthitis -BRD complex

How is bovine herpesvirus 1 diagnosed?

-viral ID/PCR -seroconversion

How is bovine herpesvirus 1 controlled?

-minimizing stress -biosecurity -vaccination --MLV vx can cause abortion in naive cows

What are the characteristics of BVDV?

-RNA virus; lots of mutation -genotypes 1 and 2 -biotypes cytopathic and non-cytopathic -NCP type 1 and type 2 can cause PIs -possible in cattle, goats, sheep, llamas, pigs

How are animals exposed to BVDV?

-inhalation of resp. secretions -abortive tissue -sexual transmission

What are the clinical manifestations of BVDV?

-acute disease/immunosuppression -resp. immunosuppression and BRD signs -diarrhea in young animals and mucosal disease in PIs -infertility/abortion/embryonic death/congenital defects/PIs

During which timeframe is it possible for a NCP infection to cause PIs?

from conception to around 120 days of gestation

What happens in BVDV PI calves?

-virus is recognized as self by the developing immune system -exposure to cytopathic BVDV at a later date can lead to severe mucosal disease

How is BVDV diagnosed?

PIs: -antigen capture ELISA -IHC of tissue Exposure: -viral ID on blood or tissue -serum neutralizing AB

How is BVDV controlled?

-vaccination --not cross-protective, must vx for both strains -biosecurity

What are the characteristics of bovine leukosis virus?

-oncogenic retrovirus -lifelong infection -causes lymphosarcoma -infects lymphocytes -horizontal, blood-to-blood, or colostrum spread -seen in dairy more than beef

How does age play a role in determining the cause of lymphosarcoma in cattle?

-in cattle 2 yrs or older, it is always associated with BLV -juveniles can get lymphosarcoma that is non-viral

What are the predilection sites for lymphosarcoma?

-heart -uterus -lymph nodes -abomasum -spine

How is BLV diagnosed?

-clinical signs associated with neoplasia -PCR -serology

How is BLV controlled?

-minimize blood-to-blood contact -colostrum management -test and cull/segregation

What are the characteristics of malignant catarrhal fever?

-ovine herpesvirus 2 -reportable; looks like foot and mouth disease -transmitted via nasal secretions -cattle are dead end hosts; no other infection -cattle infected when in close proximity to sheep -mostly seen in cattle 24 mo. or younger

What are the clinical manifestations of malignant catarrhal fever?

-widespread vasculitis -lymphoid proliferation -lymphadenopathy -nasal/oral/coronary band lesions -hemorrhagic enteritis and cystitis -centipedal corneal edema -neurologic signs -mortality near 100%

What are the differential diagnoses for malignant catarrhal fever?

-BVDV -BHV-1 -blue tongue -vesicular stomatitis -EHD -FMD

How is malignant catarrhal fever diagnosed?

PCR of virus

How is malignant catarrhal fever controlled?

separation of carriers

What are the characteristics of epizootic hemorrhagic disease?

-arbovirus -spread by midges -cyclic outbreaks -cattle, deer, buffalo

What are the clinical manifestations of EHD?

-severe vasculitis -high rectal temp -hemorrhage and swelling -excessive salivation -anorexia

How is EHD diagnosed?

-clinical signs -viral ID/PCR

How is EHD controlled?

-vector control -wildlife pop. control

What are the characteristics of vesicular stomatitis?

-visiculovirus -spread by biting flies and midges -zoonotic via direct contact -reportable -main differential FMD; causes vesicular lesions -seen in cattle, horses, llamas, pigs, sheep, goats

How is vesicular stomatitis diagnosed?

-clinical signs -serologic or antigen detection

How is vesicular stomatitis controlled?

-biosecurity -vector control