Lecture 16/17 4/2/24 Flashcards
What are the characteristics of contagious ecthyma/orf?
-parapoxvirus
-goats and sheep
-direct contact
-highly resistant in environment; 7-10 yrs
-zoonotic
What is the epidemiology of orf?
-worldwide
-common in young with immune suppression, stress, or under-developed immune response
What are the clinical manifestations of orf?
-seen at mucocutaneous junctions
-infectious dermatitis
-papules/vesicles/pustular lesions
How is orf diagnosed?
-characteristic lesion
-PCR on scabs
What treatment and control measures are used for orf?
-supportive care only; no antivirals in food animals
-vaccination via scarification
-natural infection provides good immunity
What are the characteristics of enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma?
-retrovirus
-infectious, neoplastic nasal disease
-aerosol transmission
-sheep
What is the epidemiology of enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma?
-can be widespread in flocks
-sporadic occurences
What is the clinical manifestation of enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma?
-seen in mature animals
-nasal adenocarcinoma
-unilateral or bilateral discharge
-serous, mucoid, or purulent discharge with blood
-progressive inspiratory dyspnea
-facial deformity
What are the other differentials for an animal with the clinical signs of nasal adenocarcinoma?
-foreign body
-Oestrus ovis/nasal bots
-bact. infections
How is nasal adenocarcinoma diagnosed?
-not responding to treatment for other ailments
-histopath. and PCR following necropsy
How is nasal adenocarcinoma treated?
-supportive care
-culling, esp. in commercial situations
What are the characteristics of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma?
-retrovirus
-infectious, neoplastic lung disease
-aerosol transmission
-sheep
What is the epidemiology of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma?
-sporadic disease
-worldwide
What is the clinical manifestation of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma?
-seen in mature animals
-afebrile
-resp distress
-crackles
-panting
How is ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma diagnosed?
-clinical signs
-thoracic ultrasound
-histopath. at necropsy
-main differential is OPP; must distinguish
What are the characteristics of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma treatment and control?
-no rewarding treatment
-cull infected animals
-good biosecurity
-house based on age
What are the characteristics of ovine progressive pneumonia?
-retrovirus
-does NOT cause cancer
-persists in blood mononuclear cells
-oral and aerosol transmission
-sheep
What is the pathology of ovine progressive pneumonia?
-chronic inflammation and fibrosis
-infection in lungs causes them to be firm and heavy; diffusion impairment
-infection in udder causes hard udder
-infection in cervix causes “ring womb;” cannot dilate, must undergo C-section
What is the clinical manifestation of ovine progressive pneumonia?
-sheep older than 4 yo
-chronic, progressive pneumonia
-slow progression
-afebrile
-increasing resp. distress
How is OPP diagnosed?
-PCR
-ELISA
What are the treatment and control measures taken for OPP?
-any seropos. animal can transmit disease
-no treatment
-test and cull
-use colostrum/milk from seroneg. dams, heat treat colostrum, or use milk replacer
What are the characteristics of caprine arthritis and encephalitis?
-retrovirus
-persists in blood mononuclear cells
-oral, aerosol, and fomite transmission
-goats
What is the epidemiology of caprine arthritis and encephalitis?
-widespread
-more common in dairy operations
-seen with colostrum feeding and new additions
What are the possible clinical manifestations of caprine arthritis and encephalitis?
-asymptomatic
-leukoencephalomyelitis: kids age 2-6 mo.
-chronic polysynovitis
-indurative mastitis
-interstitial pneumonia
How is caprine arthritis and encephalitis diagnosed?
-clinical signs
-ELISA/AGID serology: serial testing
-VI or PCR
What are the treatment and control measures for caprine arthritis and encephalitis?
-no treatment
-test and cull
-take precautions with rearing neonates
What are the characteristics of border disease?
-pestivirus D
-persistent infection; can have PIs
-neurotropism
-SHEEP, goats, cattle, llamas
What are the clinical manifestations of border disease?
-embryonic death
-abortion
-hairy shaker disease
-persistent infection/viremia
-acute infection in adults; subclinical
What are the characteristics of hairy shaker disease?
-babies born after in-utero exposure to border disease
-long hair coat
-tremors
-poor confirmation
-failure to thrive
How is border disease diagnosed?
-clinical signs
-IHC
-PCR
-serology
What are the treatment and control measures for border disease?
-no treatment or vaccine
-identify PIs and remove from herd
What are the characteristics of cache valley fever?
-arbovirus
-transmitted by mosquitos
-endemic to North America
-sheep
-zoonotic
What are the clinical manifestations of cache valley virus?
-disease in naive animals
-infertility
-embryonic death
-stillborn lambs
-congenital abnormalities
-weak lambs
How is cache valley virus diagnosed?
paired serology
What are the control measures taken for cache valley virus?
-no vaccine
-control vectors
-reportable if greater than 10% incidence
What are the characteristics of blue tongue?
-arbovirus
-arthropod-borne
-spread via culicoides
-reportable
-SHEEP, goats, cattle, llamas
What are the clinical manifestations of blue tongue?
-mostly subclinical
peracute:
-death
-pulmonary edema
-congestion
systemic vasculitis:
-edema
-hemorrhage
-inflammation
-necrosis
-cyanotic tongue
-lameness
-high fever; 105F
repro:
-malformed neonates
-infertility
-abortion
What are the treatment and control measures for blue tongue?
-supportive care
-monovalent vx
–not cross-protective; 8-12 serotypes
-vector control
