Lecture 12/13 3/21/24 Flashcards
How long is pig gestation?
114 days (3 mo., 3 weeks, 3 days)
When are gilts considered mature and able to be bred?
170-220 days of age
What is farrowing?
birth to weaning, 21 days
At what age are pigs considered finished?
115-120 days
What are the general characteristics of swine influenza?
-enveloped, single stranded, neg-sense SEGMENTED RNA genome
-capable of rapid evolution
-subtypes H1N1, H1N2, H3N2
-zoonotic
What are the characteristics of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic?
-swine-origin reassortant virus
-high genetic diversity of circulating strains
-high morbidity, low mortality
-enzootic in densely populated pig production areas
-component of porcine resp. disease complex
What is the pathogenesis of swine influenza?
-transmitted through droplets/aerosol, direct contact, fomite contamination
-no viremia; secreted in resp. secretions
-shedding begins 1-2 days post infection and lasts up to 10 days
-incubation period of about 1-3 days
-all ages of pig susceptible
What are the clinical signs of swine influenza?
-fever over 104F
-lethargy
-anorexia
-loss of body condition/weight loss
-coughing
-nasal discharge
-tachypnea
-dyspnea
-sneezing
-repro failure
How is swine influenza diagnosed?
-antibody response (HAI/ELISA) on serum/oral fluid
-virus isolation and PCR
-histopath./IHC on lung or tracheal tissue
How is swine influenza controlled?
-biosecurity
-vx of staff
-vx of swine
What are the characteristics of PRRS?
-enveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome
-genotypes 1 and 2
-most economically significant swine disease
-highly infectious
-all ages affected
-component of porcine resp. disease complex
What is the pathogenesis of PRRS?
-transmitted via direct contact, vertical, parenteral, fomites
-virus found in saliva, urine, semen, feces, milk, nasal secretions, etc. due to viremia
-shedding for a minimum of 1-2 mo.
-piglets from infected sows can be PIs and shed for nearly 160 days
-incubation period of 14 days
-primary replication in lymphoid tissues
-can cross placenta in late gestation
What are the respiratory clinical signs of PRRS?
-interstitial pneumonia
nursing piglets:
-dyspnea and increased mortality
nursery/growing/finishing pigs:
-fever
-depression
-lethargy
-sneezing
-dyspnea
-ear cyanosis
-increased mortality
breeding age pigs:
-anorexia
-fever
-lethargy
-depression
-resp. distress
-mild “blue ears”
What are the reproductive clinical signs of PRRS?
-lower conception rate
-premature farrowing
-late term abortions
-stillborn or weak piglets
-mummified fetuses
How is PRRS diagnosed?
-antibody response/ELISA
-virus isolation and RT-PCR
-histopath./IHC
How is PRRS controlled?
-control program on a herd-by-herd basis
-herd immunity or eliminate through depopulation
-good biosecurity
-early weaning and isolation of piglets
-regular serologic monitoring and removal of PI piglets
-vaccination
What are the general characteristic of porcine circovirus?
-non-enveloped, single-stranded DNA genome
-transmitted oral-nasal and direct contact
-virus found in nasal, ocular, bronchial secretions; saliva, urine, feces, milk, semen (viremia)
-shed for up to 22 weeks
-incubation period of 14 days
Which disease complexes are associated with porcine circovirus?
-porcine resp. disease complex
-porcine multisystemic wasting syndrome
-porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome
-repro. disease
Which clinical signs are associated with porcine resp. disease complex?
-pulmonary edema
-tan and firm lungs
Which clinical signs are associated with porcine multisystemic wasting syndrome?
-progressive growth retardation
-dyspnea
-pallor
-jaundice
-diarrhea
-palpable inguinal lymphadenopathy
-rough hair coat
-low viability and death
Which clinical signs are associated with porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome?
-immune complexes deposited in glomeruli and vessels
-red-purple macules and papules on skin
-anorexia
-prostration
-stiff gait/reluctance to move
-eventual death from acute renal failure