Lecture 18 Flashcards
steatosis
accumulation of fat in the liver
metabolic dysfunction
insulin resistance, obesity, high blood sugar, abnormal cholesterol levels
inflammation and liver damage
steatohepatitis
gluconeogensis
generation of glucose from noncarb carbon substrates during fasting, starvation, low-carb diet, and intense exercise (liver and to lesser extent in the cortex of kidneys)
where does glycolysis mainly occur
muscle and brain
where does gluconeogenesis mainly occur
liver
gluconeogensis equation
2 pyruvate + 4 ATP + 2 GTP + 2 NADH + 2 H + 4 H2o -> glucose + 4 ADP + 2 GDP + 6 P + 2 NAD
glycolysis equation
glucose + 2 NAD + 2 ADP + 2 P -> 2 pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 H + 2 ATP
costs of gluconeogenesis
4 atp, 2 gtp, 2 nadh
which things can only generate atp from glucose
brain, nervous system, and rbc
what materials can be used in gluconeogenesis
pyruvate, lactate, oxoloacetate
glycerol
odd chain fatty acids
amino acids
main products of pentose phosphate pathway
NADPH and ribose 5-phosphate
NADPH is an ____ ___
electron donor
ribose-5-phosphate is a biosynthetic _____ of ________
precursor of nucleotides
synthesis pathways requiring nadph
fatty acid biosynthesis
cholesterol biosynthesis
neurotransmitter biosynthesis
nucleotide biosynthesis
detox pathways requiring nadph
reduction of oxidized glutathione
cytochrome p450 monooxygenases
