Lecture 12

Question 1

transcription

Answer 1

a single strand of DNA makes many copies of mRNA

Question 2

translation

Answer 2

genetic information in mRNA specifies the sequence of AA

Question 3

elongation

Answer 3

extension of polypeptide chain protein product

Question 4

histone

Answer 4

provides structural support to chromosome

Question 5

ptm

Answer 5

methylation
acetylation
phosphorylation
ubiquitylation

Question 6

smooth er synthesizes

Answer 6

lipid

Question 7

rough er synthesizes and contains

Answer 7

protein, ribosome

Question 8

where do ____ synthesized on the rough er destined

Answer 8

1. export out of the cell (steroid hormone release)
2. plasma membrane (integral proteins/extracellular matrix)

Question 9

example of protein synthesized by rough er

Answer 9

cytochrome p450

Question 10

Lipids synthesizes on the _______ are used ________ for _________

Answer 10

smooth ER, by the cell, lipid bilayer remodeling

Question 11

SER in liver cells

Answer 11

fat transport molecules

Question 12

skeletal muscle SER

Answer 12

calcium ion pump

Question 13

golgi apparatus integral in

Answer 13

modifying, sorting, and packaging macromolecules that cells synthesize for cell secretion (exocytosis) or use within the cell

Question 14

where do most the proteins the golgi appartus modify from

Answer 14

rer

Question 15

golgi is involved in the transport of ______ around the cell and the creation of ______

Answer 15

lipids, lysosomes

Question 16

golgi is site for __________ and development of surface _______

Answer 16

membrane differentiaion, specificity

Question 17

what are lysosomes packed with

Answer 17

enzymes

Question 18

what kind of bilayer do lysosomes have

Answer 18

single lipid

Question 19

what kind of pH do lysosomes maintain and how

Answer 19

acidic (4.8) by actively pumping H+ protons inside

Question 20

where are lysosomes created and how

Answer 20

ER/golgi by concentrating hydrolytic enzyme into vesicle

Question 21

lysosomes contain ________ enzymes that digest ______ components including ___________ (autolysis)

Answer 21

non-specific hydrolase, intercellular components including organelles/cell debris

Question 22

what do lysosomal phagocytosis protect against

Answer 22

invading bacteria/pathogens

Question 23

lifespan of mitochondria in the liver

Answer 23

8-10 days

Question 24

liver cells lifetime

Answer 24

8-16 months

Question 25

autophagy reclycling serves as a alternative energy source during periods of

Answer 25

metabolic stress to maintain homeostasis, viability, and sustain cellular metabolism

Question 26

peroxisomes are major sites of ________ _______ in the cell

Answer 26

oxygen consumption

Question 27

_____________ of long chain and very long chain fatty acids, branched fatty acids, metabolism of glyoxalate, degradation of uric acid happens in the peroxisomes

Answer 27

oxidation

Question 28

what organelle does biosynthesis of plasmalogen

Answer 28

peroxisomes

Question 29

which enzyme degrades h2o2

Answer 29

catalase

Question 30

oxidation of ethanol into _______ happens in the peroxisomes

Answer 30

acetaldehyde