LECTURE 17: RADIOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION: PERIAPICAL Flashcards
→ for objects of low density
→ air, soft tissue
DARK GRAY TO BLACK
for objects of high density
WHITE TO LIGHT GRAY
radiolucent
larger in children than in adults
size and shape vary with each tooth
Pulp Root/Canal
radiopaque
comprises most of the tooth structure
not as radiopaque as enamel
Dentin
outermost radiopaque layer of the crown of a tooth
Enamel
dense radiopaque line surrounding the root of a tooth
Lamina Dura
also known as nasopalatine foramen
→ located at the midline of the anterior portion of the hard palate directly posterior to the maxillary central incisors
Incisive Foramen
small ovoid or round radiolucent area located between the roots of the maxillary central incisors
Incisive Foramen
the nasopalatine nerve exits the maxilla through this foramen
Incisive Foramen
immovable joint between the two palatine processes of the maxilla
Median Palatine Suture
extends from the alveolar bone between the maxillary central incisors to the posterior hard palate
Median Palatine Suture
thin radiolucent line between the maxillary central incisors
bounded on both sides by dense cortical bone that appears radiopaque
Median Palatine Suture
T/f
Median Palatine Suture may become less distinct radiographically as it fuses with age
T
pear-shaped compartment of bone located superior to the maxilla
Nasal Cavity
its floor is formed by the palatal processes of the maxilla and horizontal portions of the palatine bones
Nasal Cavity
its lateral walls are formed by the ethmoid bone and maxillae
Nasal Cavity
large radiolucent area above the maxill incisors
Nasal Cavity
vertical bony wall or partition that divides the nasal cavity into the right and left fossae
Nasal Septum
Nasal Septum
formed by two bones:
o vomer
o portion of ethmoid bone
o cartilage
o vomer
o portion of ethmoid bone
o cartilage
vertical radiopaque partition that divides nasal cavity
may be superimposed over the median palatal suture
Nasal Septum
Bony wall formed by the palatal processes of the maxilla and horizontal portion of palatine bones
Floor of the Nasal Cavity
T/f
Floor of the Nasal Cavity composed of dense cortical bone and defines the inferior bo-rder of the nasal cavity
T
two small round radiolucencies located superior to the apices of the maxillary central incisors
Superior Foramina of the Incisive Canal
sharp projection of the maxilla located at the anterior and inferior portion of the nasal cavity
Anterior Nasal Spine
V-shaped radiopaque area located at the intersection of the floor of the nasal cavity and nasal septum
Anterior Nasal Spine
two tiny openings or holes
→ located at the floor of the nasal cavity
Superior Foramina of the Incisive Canal
→ extend downward and medially from the floor
of the nasal cavity
→ join together to form the incisive canal and
share a common exit, the incisive foramen
→ nasopalatine nerve enters through here
Superior Foramina of the Incisive Canal
→ join together to form the incisive canal and
share a common exit, the incisive foramen
→ nasopalatine nerve enters through here
Superior Foramina of the Incisive Canal
two small round radiolucencies located superior to the apices of the maxillary central incisors
Superior Foramina of the Incisive Canal
sharp projection of the maxilla located at the anterior and inferior portion of the nasal cavity
Anterior Nasal Spine
V-shaped radiopaque area located at the intersection of the floor of the nasal cavity and nasal septum
Anterior Nasal Spine
Wafer-thin, curved plates of bone than extend from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity
seen in the lower lateral portions of the nasal
cavity
Inferior Nasal Conchae
Wafer-thin, curved plates of bone than extend from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity
seen in the lower lateral portions of the nasal
cavity
Inferior Nasal Conchae
smooth, depressed area of the maxilla
located inferior and medial to infraorbital foramen between the canine and lateral
incisors
Lateral Fossa
T/f
Lateral Fossa is a radiolucent area between the maxillary canine and lateral incisors,
may appear as distinct radiolucency or absent varies depending on anatomy of individual
T
refers to the intersection of the maxillary sinus and the nasal cavity as viewed on a dental radiograph
Inverted Y or Antral Y
T/f
Inverted Y or Antral Y is located above the maxillary canine
T
paired cavities or compartments of bone located within the maxilla
→ located above the maxillary premolar and nmolars
Maxillary Sinus
→ size of a small pea at birth and expands with
growth until it eventually occupies a large portion of the maxilla
Maxillary Sinus
its floor is composed of dense cortical bone that appears as a radiopaque line
Maxillary Sinus
Rounded prominence of bone that extends posterior to the third molar region, blood vessels and nerves enter the maxilla in this region and supply the posterior teeth
Maxillary Tuberosity
radiopaque bulge distal to the third molar region
Maxillary Tuberosity
bony walls or partitions that appear to divide the maxillary sinus into compartments
Septa Within the Maxillary Sinus
radiopaque lines within the maxillary sinus
may either be distinct or absent
Septa Within the Maxillary Sinus
also known as the hamular process
small hook-like projection of bone extending
from medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone
Hamulus
bony projection of maxilla articulating with → zygoma or malar (cheek) bone
Zygomatic Process of Maxilla
J- or U-shaped radiopacity located superio the maxillary first molar region
Zygomatic Process of Maxilla
articulates with the zygomatic process of the maxilla
Zygoma/Cheekbone/Malar Bone
diffuse, radiopaque band extending posteriorly from the zygomatic process of the maxilla
Zygoma/Cheekbone/Malar Bone
tiny, tubelike passageways through bone that → contain blood vessels and nerves that supply the maxillary teeth and interdental areas
Nutrient Canal for PSAN
narrow radiolucent band bounded by two radiopaque lines that represent the cort bone that comprises the walls of the canal
Nutrient Canal for PSAN
extension of the lateral maxillary surface that arises in the region of the apices of the first
and second molars
Zygomatic Process
U-shaped radiopaque line with its open end directed superiorly
enclosed rounded end is in the apical region of the first and second molars
Zygomatic Process
lie posterior to the tuberosity of the maxilla
Lateral Pterygoid Plates
radiopaque homogeneous shadow without evidence of trabeculation
Lateral Pterygoid Plates
dense, broad, radiopaque band of bone
Lower Border of the Mandible
tiny bumps of bone that serve as attachment sites for the genioglossus and geniohyoid
muscles, located on lingual aspect of the mandible
Genial Tubercles (Mental Spine)
ring-shaped radiopacity below the apices of the mandibular incisors
Genial Tubercles (Mental Spine)
tiny opening or hole in bone located on internal surface of mandible
→ located near midline and surrounded by the genial tubercles
Lingual Foramen
small radiolucent dot located inferior to apices of the mandibular incisors
Lingual Foramen
linear prominence of bone located on internal surface of the mandible
→ extends from molar region downward and forward toward the lower border of the mandibular symphysis
→ serves as an attachment site for the mylohyoid muscle
Internal Oblique Ridge
linear prominence of bone located on the external surface of the body of the mandible
External Oblique Ridge
radiopaque band extending downward and forward from the anterior border of the ramus of the mandible
typically ends in the mandibular third molar region
External Oblique Ridge
linear prominence of cortical bone located on external surface of anterior portion of mandible
→ extends from premolar region to midline and slopes slightly upward
Mental Ridge
thick radiopaque band that extends from premolar region ot incisor region
often superimposed over mandibular ante teeth
Mental Ridge
scooped-out depressed area of bone located on external surface of anterior mandible
located above the mental ridge
Mental Fossa
opening or hole in bone on external surface of mandible in the region of the mandibular premolars
blood vessels and nerves supplying lower lip → exit here
Mental Foramen
small ovoid or round radiolucent area located in the apical region of the mandibular premolars
frequently misdiagnosed as a periapical lesion
Mental Foramen
scooped-out, depressed area of bone located on the internal surface of the mandible inferior
to the mylohyoid ridge
Submandibular Fossa
radiolucent area in the molar region below mylohyoid ridge
Submandibular Fossa
tube-like passageway through bone that travels the length of the mandible
→ extends from mandibular foramen to mental foramen and houses the IAN and blood vessels
Mandibular Canal
radiolucent band
outlined by two thin radiopaque lines that represent the cortical walls of the canal
Mandibular Canal
marked prominence of bone on the anterior ramus of the mandible
→ serves as an attachment site for one of the muscles of mastication
Coronoid Process
appears on maxillary molar periapical film
triangular radiopacity superimposed over, or inferior to the maxillary tuberosity region
Coronoid Process
