Lec 17: TECHNIQUE AND PROCESSING ERRORS Flashcards
FILM PLACEMENT PROBLEMS
→ absence of apical structures
→ dropped film corner
incorrect vertical angulation
o foreshortened image
o elongated image
PROCESSING ERRORS
TIME AND TEMPERATURE ERRORS
CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION ERRORS
TIME AND TEMPERATURE ERRORS
CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION ERRORS
TIME AND TEMPERATURE ERRORS
→ underdeveloped film
→ overdeveloped film
→ cracked film CHEMICAL
CONTAMINATION ERRORS
→ developer spot
→ fixer spot
→ yellow-brown stains
FILM HANDLING PROBLEMS
→ developer cut
→ fixer cut
→ overlapped films
→ air bubbles
→ fingernail artifact
→ static electricity
→ scratched film
unexposed film exposed to light
Blank Film
film exposed to light prolonged exposure time
Dark Film
underexposed film
Light Film
Absence of apical or crown structures
film positioned too high or too low occlusally
film not placed parallel to occlusal corners
Dropped film corner
wrong location of identification dot
Inverted film
incorrect horizontal angulation
Overlapping of contact areas
PID alignment problem
Cone cut
film sharply bent
Film crease
finger is included in radiograph
Phalangioma
tire track or herringbone appearance
Reversed film
sudden temperature change between developer solution and water bath
Cracked film (reticulation)
developer solution comes in contact with film before processing
Developer spots (dark)
fixer solution comes in contact with film before processing
Fixer spots/stains (white)
insufficient rinsing/exhausted solution
Yellow-brown stains
Fixer cut (black line)
underfixed portion
Developer cut (straight white line)
underdeveloped portion
two films contacting each other during processing
Overlapped film
air trapped on film surface after being placed in the processing solutions
Air bubbles
film emulsion damaged by the operator’s fingernail during rough handling
Fingernail artifact (black-crescent shape)
film touched by fingers that are contaminated with fluoride or developer
Fingerprint artifact
film packet is opened quickly
opened before the radiographer touches a conductive objected
Static electricity marks
soft emulsion removed from the film by a sharp object
Film scratches
accidental exposure of film to white light
Part of film exposed to light
improper safelighting light leaks in darkroom outdated films
improper film storage contaminated solutions developer solution too hot
Fogged film (blurred)
correct identification of landmarks is necessary to differentiate presence of ___
pathologies