Lecture 16 - Mobility And Gait Disorder

Question 1

Gait cycle - spatial

• stride
• step length
• step width
• foot angle

Answer 1

• stride; successive heel contacts of the same foot (144 cm)
• step length: distance between two successive heel contacts of different feet (average 72 cm)
• step width: distance between heel centers (7-9 cm)
• foot angle: degree of toe-out (7 degrees)

Question 2

Gait cycle - temporal

• cadence
• stride time
• step time
• spatial-temporal descriptor

Answer 2

• cadence: number of steps per min (110)
• stride time: tume for a full gait cycle
• step time: time for a completion of a step
• spatial temporal descriptor: walking speed (5km/hr)

Question 3

Center of mass during gait

Answer 3

• vertical displacement of 5 cm (min height during double limb support, max height at midpoint of single limb support
• medial-lateral displacement: 4 cm

Question 4

Sagittal plane kinematics

• initial contact
• loading response
• mid and terminal stance
• initial and mid swing
• terminal swing

Answer 4

• initial contact: joints are aligned to reach forward
• loading response: knee flexes and ankle plantarflexes to absorb the impact
• mid and terminal stance: knee and hip extend
• initial and mid swing: hip and knee flex
• terminal swing: knee extends and hip flexes

Question 5

Muscle activity

• hip extensors
• hip flexors
• gluteus medius
• knee extensors
• knee flexors

Answer 5

• hip extensors: eccentrically at terminal swing, concentrically after heel strike
• hip flexors: decelrate extension, produce flexion at 1st part of swing
• gluteus medius: stance phase (Trendelenburg sign is gluteus medius weakness
• knee extensors: before heel contact to heel off
• knee flexors: before heel strike to after heel strike

Question 6

Common gait deviation

• foot slap
• antalgic
• hemiplegic
• parkinsonian
• anterior trunk lean

Answer 6

• foot slap: weakness of ankle dorsiflexors
• antalgic: asymmetrical, decreased stance phase
• hemiplegic: vaulting, circumduction
• parkinsonian: short, hurried steps, freezing
• anterior trunk lean: quadriceps weakness

Question 7

What does hip anteversion result in

Answer 7

In toeing