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Body Systems > Lecture 16 - Anatomy of respiratory tract > Flashcards

Lecture 16 - Anatomy of respiratory tract Flashcards

1
Q

What are some functions of the respiratory system?

A

Give oxygen to tissues
Remove carbon dioxide
Regulate blood pH
Defence against pathogens
Produce sound
Olfaction

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2
Q

What components are involved in the upper respiratory tract?

A

Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Paranasal tissues

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3
Q

What are the functions of the upper respiratory tract?

A

Warm moistens and filters the air
Olfaction
Resonates sound

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4
Q

What are the components of the lower respiratory tract?

A

Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli

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5
Q

What are the functions of the nose?

A

Warms moistens and filters air
Has smell receptors
Modifies speech sounds

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6
Q

What are the functional adaptations of the nose?

A

Rich capillary network under the mucosa to warm the air
Olfactory mucosa containing smell receptors
Paranasal sinuses that lighten skull and resonate sound

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7
Q

What is the function of the pharynx?

A

Forms a communal passageway for respiratory and gastrointestinal systems

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8
Q

What are the three regions of the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx which is posterior to nose
Oropharynx which is posterior to mouth
Laryngopharynx which is posterior to larynx

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9
Q

What are the functions of the larynx?

A

Maintains an open airway
Prevent food and drink entering the lower respiratory tract
Sound protection
Coughing

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10
Q

What is the role of the cartilaginous skeleton in the larynx?

A

Makes up the larynx
Is lined with membranes and moved by muscles

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11
Q

What is the larynx made up of?

A

Glottis
Epiglottis
Arytenoid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Thyroid cartilage
Vocal cord

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12
Q

What is the size of the trachea?

A

4.5cm long
2.5cm diameter

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13
Q

What is the role of cartilage in the trachea?

A

Has C shaped cartilage that keeps the airways open

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14
Q

What is the role of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium in the trachea?

A

To produce mucus and prevent infection in the lungs

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15
Q

Where is the trachea in the lower respiratory tract?

A

From the larynx to the carina
Anterior to the oesophagus

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16
Q

How are the bronchi arranged?

A

In a bronchial tree that gradually increases in its amount of smooth muscle and decreases in its height of epithelial cells

17
Q

What are the bronchi

A

A series of tubes that get smaller in diameter

18
Q

What are the three components of the bronchi?

A

Primary bronchi
Secondary bronchi
Tertiary bronchi

19
Q

What is the primary bronchi?

A

They supply each lung
2-3cm long
Right is longer and more vertical than the left
Has C shaped cartilage

20
Q

What is the secondary bronchi?

A

Supplies the lobes of the lung
3 lobes on the right and 2 lobes on the left
Has plates of cartilage instead of rings

21
Q

What is the tertiary bronchi?

A

Supplies segments of the lungs
10 on the right and 8 on the left
Has plates of cartilage

22
Q

What are the components of the bronchioles?

A

Bronchioles
Terminal bronchioles
Respiratory bronchioles

23
Q

What are the bronchioles?

A

No cartilage
Smooth muscle
Leads to around 50-80 terminal bronchiolesW

24
Q

What are the terminal bronchioles?

A

Have simple columnar epithelium with cilia
No goblet cells
Clara cells that produce surfactant
Leads to 2 or more respiratory bronchioles

25
Q

What are the respiratory bronchioles?

A

Have simple cuboidal epithelia
Clara cells
No cilia
Have alveoli extending from the lumen

26
Q

What is the function of the alveoli?

A

Site of gas exchange

27
Q

What are the alveoli composed of?

A

Alveolar ducts
Alveolar sacs
Alveoli

28
Q

What is the structure of an alveoli?

A

Capillaries, give blood for gas exchange
Surfactant
Type I alveolar cell
Type II alveolar cell
Macrophage

29
Q

What is the respiratory membrane in the alveoli?

A

Made up of an epithelium of type 1 cells
Basement membrane of type 1 cell
Basement membrane of capillary
Endothelium of the capillary

30
Q

What is a type I alveolar cell

A

Simple squamous epithelium forms the wall of the alveolus

31
Q

What is the type II alveolar cell

A

Secretes surfactant

32
Q

What is the conductive tract?

A

Has the function of filtering, warming moistening and conducting the air to enter the lungs
Includes everything until the respiratory bronchioles

33
Q

What is the respiratory tract?

A

Includes all parts where gas exchange happens
Alveoli and Respiratory bronchioles

Body Systems (22 decks)

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