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Body Systems > Lecture 13 - Blood pressure regulation > Flashcards

Lecture 13 - Blood pressure regulation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of blood pressure?

A

Force exerted on vessel walls as blood flows through

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2
Q

What is the formula for blood pressure?

A

Blood pressure = cardiac output x total peripheral resistance

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3
Q

What is the role of autoregulation?

A

To increase blood pressure by decreasing resistance and increasing blood flow

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4
Q

What is used instead to raise blood pressure when autoregulation fails?

A

Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors
They activate sympathetic nervous system?

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5
Q

Describe the process that occurs when autoregulation fails to raise blood pressure

A
  1. Autoregulation failure is detected by chemoreceptors and baroreceptors
  2. This activates cardiovascular centres in the CNS
  3. The sympathetic nervous system is activated which increases cardiac output and vasoconstriction. Blood pressure increases
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6
Q

What is the baroreceptor reflex when there is a rise in blood pressure?

A
  1. Baroreceptor is stimulated
  2. Causes inhibition of the cardioacceleratory centre, decreases HR and CO
  3. Causes activation of the cardioinhibitory centre, decreases HR and CO
  4. Causes inhibition of the vasomotor centre, causes vasodilation
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7
Q

What is the baroreceptor reflex when there is a fall in blood pressure?

A
  1. The baroreceptor is inhibited
  2. Activation of cardioacceleratory centre, inc HR and CO
  3. Inhibition of cardioinhibitory centre, inc HR and CO
  4. Activate vasomotor centre to cause vasoconstriction
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8
Q

What is the chemoreceptor reflex when there is a fall in O2, pH or a rise in CO2?

A
  1. Receptors in carotid body detect this change
  2. Activates cardioacceleratory centre to increase HR and CO
  3. Inhibits cardioinhibitory centre to increase HR and CO
  4. Activates vasomotor centre to cause peripheral vasoconstriction
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9
Q

What is the chemoreceptor reflex when there is a rise in CO2?

A
  1. Receptors in medulla oblongata detect the change
  2. Respiratory centre is activated, increases respiration rate
  3. Vasodilation of cerebral vessels, increases blood flow to brain
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10
Q

What are the ways blood flow can be regulated short term?

A

Baroreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Autoregulation

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11
Q

What are the three hormonal processes that occur when blood pressure is too low?

A

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Anti-diuretic hormone
Erythropoietin

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12
Q

What is the process of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system?

A
  1. Angiotensin combines with renin. This forms angiotensin I
  2. Angiotensin I combines with angiotensin converting enzyme to make angiotensin II
  3. Angiotensin II causes vasoconstriction
  4. Adrenals use angiotensin II to make aldosterone
  5. Aldosterone increases sodium retention and fluid retention
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13
Q

What is the process of anti-diuretic hormone?

A
  1. There is a fall in blood volume
  2. The pituitary gland releases ADH
  3. This causes vasoconstriction, and increases fluid retention and thirst
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14
Q

What is the process of erythropoietin?

A
  1. There is a fall in blood pressure or oxygen
  2. The kidney releases erythropoietin
  3. This causes vasoconstriction and increases blood volume
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15
Q

What is the long term process that occurs when blood pressure is too high?

A
  1. There are stretch detectors in the heart that recognise that its being stretched too much
  2. They cause the release of ANP and BNP
  3. They have renal effects that decrease blood volume
  4. They have vascular effects that decrease blood pressure
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16
Q

What are the renal effects of ANP and BNP?

A

Increase sodium loss in urine
Increase water loss in urine
Reduced thirst

17
Q

What are the vascular effects of ANP and BNP?

A

Inhibition of ADH, aldosterone, NA and adrenaline release
Peripheral vasodilation

18
Q

What occurs when there is a change within pulmonary circulation?

A

In lungs arterioles constrict in regions of low O2. This shunts blood flow to O2 rich areas
In other organs vessels dilate when O2 falls

19
Q

What occurs when there is a change in coronary circulation?

A

A wide range of molecules regulate myocardial perfusion

20
Q

What occurs when there is a change in cerebral circulation?

A

Blood flow to the brain must be preserved at all times
In emergencies cerebral vessels do vasodilation
In the periphery there is vasoconstriction

21
Q

What occurs in response to a haemorrhage?

A

There is blood loss
Decreased arterial pressure causes baroreceptor reflex
Altered blood gases cause chemoreceptor reflex
Both cause cardiac stimulation and systemic vasoconstriction
There is fluid and volume redistribution

Body Systems (22 decks)

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