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BSI Test 2 > Lecture 16 & 17 > Flashcards

Lecture 16 & 17 Flashcards

1
Q

Transport of oxygenated blood

A

Arteries

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2
Q

Act as valves for entry into capillaries

A

Arterioles

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3
Q

Gas and nutrient exchange

A

Capillaries

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4
Q

Collects blood from capillary

A

Venules

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5
Q

Carry deoxygenated blood back to heart

A

Veins

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6
Q
  • Contains lining of simple squamous epithelium (endothelium), basement membrane, and layer of elastic tissue (internal elastic lamina)
  • Endothelium lines entire cardiovascular system and is only tissue that contacts blood
A

Tunica interna (intima)

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7
Q
  • Thickest layer, middle layer

- Consists of elastic fibers and smooth muscle that extend circularly around the lumen

A

Tunica media

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8
Q
  • Outermost layer
  • Composed mainly of elastic and collagen fibers
  • In muscular arteries, an external elastic lamina composed of elastic tissue separates the tunica externa form the tunica media
A

Tunica externa

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9
Q

Type of artery with largest diameter - tunica media contains large amounts of elastic fibers

A

Elastic arteries

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10
Q

This type of artery has

  • More smooth muscle in tunica media (which is innervated by SNS)
  • Fewer elastic fibers
  • Capable of greater vasoconstriction and vasodilation to adjust blood flow
A

Muscular arteries

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11
Q

Carry oxygenated blood and empties into capillaries

A

Arterioles

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12
Q

Control blood flow into capillary bed

A

Metarterioles and precapillary sphincters

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13
Q

Site of gas and fluid exchange with the tissues

A

Capillaries

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14
Q

The wall of this is very thin (good for gas exchange); consists of a layer of endothelium and underlying basement membrane. They do not contain smooth muscle thus they are not capable of vasoconstriction or vasodilation

A

Capillaries

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15
Q

Receive deoxygenated blood from capillaries

A

Venules

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16
Q

Have smooth muscle, and are capable of vasoconstriction and vasodilation

A

Arterioles and venules

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17
Q

Consist of same three tunics as arteries (tunica interna, tunica media, tunica externa)

A

Veins

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18
Q

Much more compliant than arteries - can hold more blood, so they act as a reservoir.

A

Veins

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19
Q

Contain valves that prevent backflow of blood

A

Veins

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20
Q

The force exerted on the walls of the blood vessels by the blood

A

Blood Pressure

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21
Q

Blood flows through the body due to _______

A

Pressure gradient

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22
Q

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) equation

A

MAP=DBP + 1/3 (SBP-DBP)

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23
Q

_____ Represents the pressure gradient in the systemic circulation and is the major driving force for blood flow through the systemic circulation.

A

MAP (Mean Arterial Pressure)

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24
Q

Is pressure gradient in pulmonary circulation high or low?

A

Low

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25
Is pressure gradient in systemic circulation high or low?
High
26
Pulse pressure equation
SBP-DBP
27
Factors that affect pulse pressure
Stroke volume and Compliance
28
Greater _____ results in greater pressure rise with each heart beat
Stroke volume
29
Lower _______ of artery results in a greater pressure rise with every beat
Compliance
30
________ are dampened further down the vascular tree; arterioles and capillaries do not experience significant _______
Pulsations (both blanks)
31
Factors that affect MAP
MAP = CO x TPR
32
______ is the resistance to blood flow through all of the vasculature in the body.
TPR
33
TPR represents ______ resistance.
Arterial; because venous vasculature is very compliant.
34
TPR ______ as arterial vessels vasoconstrict.
Increases
35
TPR ______ as arterial vessels vasodilate.
Decreases
36
This increases venous return through rhythmic contration of skeletal muscle which helps to push blood in the veins towards the heart.
Venous pump
37
During inspiration, abdominal pressure increases and intrathoracic pressure decreases. This leads to increased venous return due to increased pressure gradient.
Respiratory pump
38
Renin-angiotensin-aldosteron system
RAAS
39
Activation of ____ increases blood pressure
RAAS
40
_____ converts renin substrate (angiotensin) to angiotensin I in RAAS
Renin and decreased arterial pressure
41
_____ converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II in RAAS
ACE (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme)
42
Renin substrate (also called angiotensin) is secreted from _____
The liver
43
_______ is important in regulation of blood pressure.
Angiotensin I
44
_______ does not influence blood pressure
Angiotensin II
45
Receptors are in brain, kidneys, myocardium, peripheral vasculature, and adrenal cortex
Angiotensin I
46
Receptors are in adrenal medullary tissue, uterus, and brain
Angiotensin II
47
______ causes the kidneys to reabsorb salt and water in two ways
Angiotensin Ii
48
- Acts directly on kidneys to cause salt and water reabsorption - Stimulates adrenal glands (cortex) to secrete aldosterone
Angiotensin II
49
_____ causes an increase in salt and water reabsorption in kidneys.
Aldosterone
50
Causes vasoconstriction, Stimulates: SNS, thirst centers, ADH release from posterior pituitary Inhibits renin release from kidney
Angiotensin II
51
______ is most prominent in capillary wall of lung, but also in other tissues of the body
ACE
52
True or False? Angiotensin can also be produced by other systems that function without ACE.
True
53
ADH
Anti-diuretic hormone (also called vasopressin)
54
Released from posterior pituitary gland in response to decreased blood volume and/or an increase in osmolarity
ADH
55
Increases BP by causing vasoconstriction and acting on kidneys to promote reabsorption of water (not salt)
ADH
56
V1a receptors
ADH receptor that mediate vasoconstriction
57
V2 receptors
ADH receptor that mediates antidiuretic effect in kidney
58
V1b receptors
ADH receptor
59
ANP or ANF
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (or Factor)
60
Released by cells of atria in response to increase stretch
ANP or ANF
61
Lowers BP by causing vasodilation and acting on kidneys to promote loss of salt and water in urine
ANP or ANF
62
Suppresses secretion of renin, aldosterone and ADH
ANP or ANF
63
Released from ventricles in response to pressure & volume overload -- function is similar to ANP in that it functions to decrease BP.
BNP or BNF
64
Innervates most vessels, except capillaries, precapillary sphincters, and metarterioles
SNS
65
Causes constriction of most vessels of body via alpha-1 adrenergic receptors
SNS
66
Stimulation of this type of receptor causes vasodilation.
Beta-2
67
This receptor type stimulates increased heart rate and contractility
Beta-1
68
Innervates the heart and increases heart rate and contractility
SNS
69
Majority of blood vessels are not innervated by _____
PNS
70
Innervates the heart and decreases heart rate and decreases contractility
PNS
71
Regulates the ANS
Vasomotor center in the medulla
72
Stretch receptors located in the walls of large arteries (Carotid artery and aortic arch)
Baroreceptors
73
Arterial pressure ____, and causes stretching of baroreceptors send info to vasomotor control center which then results in decreased TPR and CO
increases
74
Arterial pressure _____, stretching of baroreceptors is reduced which results in increased TPR and CO.
decreases
75
Important for rapid changes in BP and reduces variation in BP throughout the day
Baroreceptors
76
These types of bodies sense a decrease in O2 content and an increase in CO2 and H+ content
Carotid bodies and aortic bodies
77
If blood pressure decreases, blood flow decreases through this type of receptors in the ANS
Chemoreceptors
78
Blood pressure decrease and blood flow decrease in chemoreceptors causes stimulation of the receptors and excitement of the vasomotor center. What does this result in?
Increased blood pressure
79
These types of receptors are also called low pressure receptors
Atrial and pulmonary stretch receptors
80
These are receptors that are in the atria and pulmonary artery
Atrial and pulmonary stretch receptors
81
Low pressure receptors are important in minimizing changes in pressure in response to ________ changes.
Volume changes

BSI Test 2 (12 decks)

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