Lecture 16

Question 1

What does the thoracic cavity contain?

Answer 1

• Mediastinum
• Pleural cavities
• Boundaries

Question 2

Mediastinum

Answer 2

Heart, vessels, and pericardium

Question 3

Pleura cavities

Answer 3

Lungs are separate so if one-stops functioning you have another

Question 4

Pressure

Answer 4

Is inversely proportional to volume. If volume goes up, the pressure goes down.

Question 5

Does the volume increase or decrease when we breathe in?

Answer 5

Increase

Question 6

The equation for Boyle’s law

Answer 6

P=1/V

Question 7

What is pressure measured by?

Answer 7

Collisions. Smaller space = more collisions = increased pressure

Question 8

What type of joints are sternocostal

Answer 8

Synovial except the first which is cartilaginous

Question 9

What type of joints are costochondral

Answer 9

Cartilaginous

Question 10

What type of joints are Interchondral

Answer 10

Synovial

Question 11

Where is the costotransverse joint located?

Answer 11

Between the rib and transverse process of vertebrae

Question 12

Where is the costovertebral located?

Answer 12

Between the rib and body of the vertebrae

Question 13

What is the diving reflex triggered by?

Answer 13

The cooling and wetting of the face and nose. It sends more O2 to the heart and brain and increases time holding your breath

Question 14

What happens to the diaphragm when it is contracted?

Answer 14

Flattens

Question 15

Intercoastal muscles

Answer 15

Attach diagonally between neighboring ribs.

Question 16

External intercostals

Answer 16

Lift ribcage and expand cavity.

Question 17

Internal intercostals

Answer 17

Depress ribcage and decrease cavity. Expiration - Forced breathing.

Question 18

Accessory muscles

Answer 18

Several muscles attach to the thoracic cage.

Question 19

During quiet breathing what happens to the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles?

Answer 19

Diaphragm contracts (flattens) and the external intercoastal contract (lift ribs)

Question 20

During active forced inspirations

Answer 20

Accessory muscles contract to further expand the thoracic cavity

Question 21

During active ‘forced’ expirations

Answer 21

Internal intercoastal muscles contract and depress ribs. Accessory muscles contract to decrease cavity volume.

Question 22

What helps the lungs to ‘stick’ to the wall?

Answer 22

The pleura

Question 23

Do lungs decrease/increase during expiration

Answer 23

Decrease

Question 24

What type of pleura is on the thoracic wall?

Answer 24

Parietal pleura

Question 25

What type of pleura is on the lungs?

Answer 25

Visceral pleura

Question 26

What type of pneumocytes form the alveolar wall?

Answer 26

Type 1 pneumocytes

Question 27

What shape is the diaphragm when it’s relaxed?

Answer 27

Dome-shaped

Question 28

What type of muscle is the diaphragm made of?

Answer 28

Skeletal muscle

Question 29

What does the diaphragm separate?

Answer 29

The thorax from the abdomen

Question 30

Olfaction is

Answer 30

Specialised epithelia

Question 31

External intercostal muscles are involved with

Answer 31

inspiration

Question 32

Internal intercostals are involved in

Answer 32

Forced expiration

Question 33

Accessory muscles assist with

Answer 33

Forced inspiration or expiration

Question 34

During forced expiration the diaphragm ______ and the _____costals ______

Answer 34

Domes, internal, contract