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HUBS192 - Module 2? > Lecture 15 > Flashcards

Lecture 15 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the lower respiratory tract?

A

Conducts air to and from the site of gas exchange.

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2
Q

What are the folds attached to cartilages of the larynx?

A

Vocal and vestibular folds

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3
Q

Where is the larynx located?

A

It is anterior to the esophagus

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4
Q

What does the epiglottis do?

A

closes over the airway when swallowing

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5
Q

What 3 cartilages are in the larynx?

A

Thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, and tracheal cartilage

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6
Q

What are the vocal cords?

A

sed for normal phonation. Passing air causes vibrations

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7
Q

How does testosterone affect cartilage and muscle?

A

Results in longer and thicker folds = deeper voice

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8
Q

Where are vestibular folds located?

A

Superior to the vocal cords

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9
Q

What is the function of the vestibular folds?

A

Prevent foreign object entry to the glottis, and can produce very deep sounds

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10
Q

Where is the trachea located?

A

Anterior to the esophagus, between the larynx and primary bronchi

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11
Q

The function of the trachea

A

Maintain patent airway, has c-shaped cartilage rings.

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12
Q

What muscle contracts for coughing?

A

Trachealis

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13
Q

Why is the cartilage of the trachea c-shaped?

A

Acts as a protective barrier keep the airway open, and also allows room for the esophagus and the trachealis muscle to contract

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14
Q

Which structure prevents food from entering the larynx?

A

The epiglottis

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15
Q

How many lobes are on the right lung?

A

3 lobes

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16
Q

How many lobes are on the left lung?

A

2 lobes

17
Q

What is the hilum?

A

Where bronchi and blood vessels enter

18
Q

What epithelium makes up the bronchioles?

A

Cuboidal epithelium

19
Q

What makes up the bronchioles?

A

Not cartilage but thick smooth muscle for bronchoconstriction/dilation

20
Q

Why does the left lung have one less lobe than the right?

A

The heart takes up this space

21
Q

What changes occur to the cartilage along the LRT?

A

Trachea complete rings become platelets in the primary bronchi and larynx but are absent in the bronchioles.

22
Q

What changes occur to the epithelial tissue along the LRT?

A

Respiratory mucosa decreases in height by the secondary bronchi.

23
Q

What are the alveoli?

A

Pulmonary lobules made of many alveoli (air sacs)

- Arranged like bunches of grapes

24
Q

How many alveoli are in each lung?

A

150 million.

25
Q

What are alveoli walls made up of?

A

They are thin and made of simple squamous epithelium

26
Q

What is the external surface of the alveoli covered in?

A

A fine network of pulmonary capillaries

27
Q

What is the alveolus covered by?

A

Dense capillary network. It is open on one side.

28
Q

What do pneumocytes form?

A

The respiratory membrane/blood air barrier with capillary wall and shared basement membrane.

29
Q

What do type 2 cuboidal pneumocytes do?

A

Secrete surfactant that reduces the surface tension of alveola fluid.

30
Q

Where in the upper respiratory tract would we find stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Oropharynx, laryngopharynx, and vestibule of nose (skin)

31
Q

The function of type 2 pneumocytes is to

A

Secrete surfactant

32
Q

The larynx contains the ____which prevents inhalation of food and the ____which produces sound

A

Epiglottis, Vocal cords

33
Q

The layers of the blood-air barrier a CO2 molecule will pass through:

A

Alveolar simple squamous epithelium, basement membrane, and capillary endothelium

34
Q

What type of epithelium is respiratory mucosa made from?

A

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium

35
Q

Air is made turbulent by

A

Conchae

36
Q

Cartilage forms _____along the trachea and turns ____ in the bronchi

A

C-shaped, complete rings

HUBS192 - Module 2? (20 decks)

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