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Microbiology > Lecture 15 Vaccines 3.0 > Flashcards

Lecture 15 Vaccines 3.0 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Immunization is the process of ________ immunity

A

inducing

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2
Q

Naturally acquired immunity

A

gained through illness

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3
Q

Artificially acquired immunity

A

Gained through immunization

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4
Q

________ immunity results from exposure to antigen

A

Active

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5
Q

in active immunity, ________ are activated and ________ cells provide long term protection

A

Lymphocytes, memory

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6
Q

Active immunity is natural by infection but ________ through vaccination

A

passive

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7
Q

Passive immunity results from

A

addition of other’s antibodies

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8
Q

Passive immunity causes ________ protection, no memory cells formed

A

Temporary

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9
Q

Mother’s IgG antibodies cross placent, breast milk contains IgA

examples of what immunity

A

Natural passive

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10
Q

artificial passive immunity is the injection of ________ containing antibodies

A

Antiserum

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11
Q

artificial passive immunity does what to duration of diseases?

A

limits

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12
Q

Artificial passive immunity blocks action of ________

A

Microbial toxins

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13
Q

hyperimmune globulin

A

Antibodies to specific disease

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14
Q

immune globulin

A

IgG fraction from many donors, variety of antibodies

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15
Q

Monoclonal antibody

A

Therapeutics

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16
Q

vaccines is a preparation of pathogen use to induce ________ immunity

A

active

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17
Q

What is herd immunity

A

More then 75% of population is immune to disease so virus isn’t able to spread

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18
Q

Live attenuated vaccines
- agent
- immune response
- risks

A

agent can replication
stronger
may cause disease

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19
Q

inactivated vaccines
- agent
- immune response
- risks

A

agent cannot replicate
weaker immune response
cannot cause infection

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20
Q

Attenuated vaccine is a ________ form of pathogen

A

weakened

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21
Q

attenuated vaccine pathogen is grown to foster ________

A

mutations

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22
Q

advantage of attenuated vaccine: single dose induces ________ immunity due to microbe multiplying in body

A

long lasting

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23
Q

If the attenuated vaccine pathogen spreads, what happens?

A

can immunize others

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24
Q

Disadvantages of attenuated vaccines

A

Can caused disease in immunosuppressed people
can become pathogenic
not for pregnant women
requires fridge

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25
Q

Measles, mumps, rubella, chickenpox, yellow fever, rotavirus are ________ vaccines

A

attenuated

26
Q

inactivated vaccines are unable to replicate but are still ________

A

immunogenic

27
Q

Advantage of inactivated vaccine

A

can’t cause infection or become pathogenic

28
Q

Disadvantage of inactivated vaccien

A

Boosters required

29
Q

inactivated vaccines contain ________

A

adjuvant

30
Q

what is adjuvant

A

ingredient in vaccines that helps create a stronger immune response
- causes more local reactions and body reactions

31
Q

adjuvants provide signals to ________ cells through ________ activation

A

dendritic cells, TLRs

32
Q

Adjuvants can trigger ________ response and hold antigen and release it slowly over time

A

inflammatory

33
Q

Inactivated whole agent vaccines contain ________ microorganisms or inactive virus

A

killed

34
Q

Inactivated whole agent vaccines are treated with ________ that does not change surface epitome

A

Formalin

35
Q

Influence, rabies, hep A are what type of vaccine

A

Inactivated whole agent

36
Q

in toxoid vaccines, toxins are treated to destroy toxic part, retains________

A

antigenic epitopes

37
Q

diptheria, tetanus is what type of vaccine

A

toxoid

38
Q

subunit vaccines consist key ________ from pathogen

A

protein antigens or fragments

39
Q

Subunit vaccines avoid cell parts that ________

A

cause side effects

40
Q

Acellular pertussis vaccine is what type

A

Subunit

41
Q

recombinant subunit vaccines produced using ______ microorganisms

A

genetically engineered

42
Q

Hep B is what type of vaccine

A

Recombinant subunit

43
Q

Virus like particle vaccines (VLP) empty ________ produced by genetically engineering organisms

A

capsid

44
Q

HPV vaccine is what type?

A

VLP

45
Q

Polysaccharide vaccines contain polysaccharide from ________

A

capsules

46
Q

________ vaccines are not effective in young kids

A

Polysaccharide vaccines

47
Q

polysaccharides are ________ antigens which elicit poor response in kids

A

T-independent

48
Q

Pneumococcal vaccine is what type of vaccine

A

Polysaccharide

49
Q

conjugate vaccines are

A

polysaccharides linked to proteins

50
Q

Conjugate vaccines convert polysaccharides to ________

A

T-dependent antigens

51
Q

Nucleic acid based vaccines is segments of ________ from infectious agent

A

Naked DNA or RNA

52
Q

Nucleic acid based vaccine cells express genes ________ injections

A

For some time after

53
Q

For COVID, what is the best vaccine?

A

mRNA

54
Q

mRNA vaccines
injected mRNA stimulates dendritic cells via ________ to secrete TNF-alpha and IL6

A

RNA specific toll-like receptors

55
Q

mRNA vaccines
expresses co-stimulatory molecules to activate ________ cells

A

Th

56
Q

mRNA vaccines
Express antigen in context of ________ molecules

A

MHC Class I

57
Q

mRNA vaccines
________ cells react with cognate class I molecules giving rise to ________ response

A

CD8+ T-cells, Tc

58
Q

mRna vaccines
some target protein escapes and binds to ________ receptors

A

B cell

59
Q

________ immunity is not better than immunization

A

Natural

60
Q

mRNA vaccines

Th cells specific for target antigen stimulate ________ cells expressing target protein in context of class II molecules

leads to b-cell ________ and differentiation into ________ cells and production of antibody

A

Th

proliferation

Microbiology (16 decks)

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