Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Y2 - Resp > Lecture 15 - Pulmonary Function Test > Flashcards

Lecture 15 - Pulmonary Function Test Flashcards

1
Q

What do pulmonary function tests measure?

A

Lung volumes
Rate of airflow
Gas exchange

Severity and progression of lung disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What health and safety measures are done before spirometry and peak flow?

A

If gonna cough stay on mouthpiece
Hand hygiene
Peak flows to be wiped using alcohol wipes, dispose of mouthpiece

Don’t volunteer if you have contraindications to spirometry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are some contraindications to spirometry?

A

Eye surgery (due to inc pressure in eyes)

Surgery’s
Lung disease
Ear infection
Cardiovascular disease
Aneurysms
Acute, nausea, vomitting and diarrhoea
Infection control issues
Confused pasties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is peak expiratory flow and hows it done?

A

Patient blows into the mouth piece as hard as they can after taking a deep breath

Then a value for FEV1 is measured

Then work out FEV1:FVC ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the normal value for FEV1:FVC?

A

FEV1:FVC > 0.8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the definition of peak expiratory flow?

A

Max airflow rate attained during forced expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the point of spirometry/what does it do?

A

Used to measure lung volumes

Calculates airflow as volumes are measured overtime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

The amount of air moving in and out of our lungs at rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is inspiratory reserve volume

A

The additional amount to fair that can be inhaled after a normal inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is expiratory reserve volume?

A

The additional amount of air that can be exhaled after the normal expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is residual volume?

A

The amount of air that remains in the lungs after maximum forceful expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is inspiratory capacity?

A

The total volume of air that can be inspired following a normal expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is functional residual capacity?

A

The volume of air present in the lungs of passive expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is vital capacity?

A

The maximum volume of air that can be moved into or out of the lungs in one breath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What values are added together to measure vital capacity?

A

VC = IRV + TV + ERV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is total lung capacity?

A

Volume of air contained lungs at end of a maximal inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 2 clinically relevant values that can be measured in spirometry?

A

FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second)

FVC (forced vital capacity)

From this the FEV1/FVC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second)?

A

The maximum volume of air that can be forcefully expired within 1 second after maximal inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What condition is FEV1 reduced in?

A

COPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is Forced Vital capacity?

A

The total amount of air exhaled after maximal inspiration during entire FEV test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does FEV1/FVC ratio actually mean?

A

The proportion of patients FVC that they can expire in the first second of forced expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What value of FEV1:FVC ratio indicates obstructive disease?

A

FEV1/FVC < 0.7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the 2 graphs that can be produced form spirometry?

A

Volume-time plot
Flow-volume loop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How can you determine FEV1 from a volume time plot?

A

See what volume is achieved at 1s on the plot

(1s on x axis, go up to curve, then read across to Y to find the volume)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
How do you determine Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) from a volume-time plot?
The volume at which the curve plateaus
26
How can you estimate peak expiratory flow rate from a volume time plot?
Draw a tangent and work at the initial gradient of the curve
27
Look at the last slide, Look at the volume-time plot and label: What is the FEV1:FVC ratio?
1 = FEV1 (4L) 2 = FVC (5L) 3 = Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (estimated) 4/5 = 0.8 FEV1:FVC =0.8
28
What is flow rate and what is its units?
The movement of a volume of air in a certain time L/s
29
What is Total Lung Capacity?
Vol of air present in lungs as you transition from max inspiration to expiration vol of air at end of maximum inspiration (includes residual volume)
30
What is residual volume?
The volume of air left in the lungs after the maximum exhalation
31
What is a key thing to remeber when plotting a flow-volume loop plot when doing the x axis?
0L starts at the right and the volume increases as you approach the Y axis
32
In terms of a flow volume loop, which part represents expiration? Which part represents inspiration?
Expiration = above x axis Inspiration = below x axis
33
How can Peak Expiratory Flow Rate be determined from a flow-volume loop?
PEFR is the highest point the curve reaches
34
How can Residual Volume be determined from a flow-volume loop?
The intercept on the x axis which is furthest to the right
35
How can Forced Vital Capacity be determined from a flow-volume loop?
The volume between the 2 x interceptions
36
Go the last slide and label the normal flow-volume loop: 2
1 = peak expiratory flow rate 2 = Residual volume 3 = Forced Vital Capacity 4 = Total Lung Capacity 5 = expiration 6 = inspiration
37
How are FEV1, FVC, TLC and functional residual capacity affected with Obstructive Lung Disease?
FEV1 = REDUCED FVC = normal at start but decreases with severe disease TLC and FUnctioonal Residual capacity ((FRC) increase due to the Increased Residual Volume since the lungs cant empty as well
38
How can we use spirometry to determine the difference between asthma and COPD?
Asthma is a reversible obstruction whereas COPD is not FEV1:FVC ratio should be calculated (will be below 0.7 indicating obstruction) Then give bronchodilators and should see a 12% improvement in FEV1:FVC following bronchodilators
39
What percentage improvement should be seen in FEV1:FVC ratio if a patient has a reversible obstructive disorder like asthma?
12% improvement
40
Describe how a volume-time plot of a patient with an obstructive lung disease will present (COPD):
The FEV1 is reduced The max volume reached is lower (only if severe)
41
Describe how a flow-volume loop of a patient with an obstructive lung disease will present (COPD):
The peak flow rate is reduced The expiration as flow rate decreases is SCALLOPED And inspiratory volume is slightly less in severe obsturciton
42
Go to the last slide and draw on graphs 1 and 2 how a patient with an obstructive disease would present then check on slide 25:
43
Go to the last slide and label the spirometry graph:
1 = inspiratory reserve capacity 2 = tidal volume 3 = expiratory reserve capacity 4 = residual volume 5 = inspiratory capacity 6 = functional residual capacity 7 = vital capacity 8 = total lung capacity
44
What values are normally decreased in restrictive Lung disease?
FVC Functional residual capacity and total lung capacity FEV can be decreased
45
What are some examples of Restricitve Lung Disease?
Pulmonary fibrosis Pleural effusion Myasthenia gravis Kyphoscoliosis
46
How does a flow-volume loop appear for a patient with restrictive lung disease?
The wizard hat appearance Expiration part looks the same but is just smaller due to lungs being smaller Inspiration section is much smaller due to struggling in inflating the lung s
47
What part of breathing is mainly affected in obstructive lung disease and restrictive lung disease?
Obstructive = expiration Restrictive = inspiration
48
Go to the last slide and draw a how a patients plot would look with restrictive lung disease for both volume-time and flow-volume: Check on slide 28
49
What is DLCO?
Diffusing capacity carbon monoxide
50
What is the purpose of doing a Diffusing Capacity Carbon Monoxide test?
Determines if theres a problem with the alveolar capilary membrane It allows us to work out how much oxygen travels from alveoli to blood by measuring CO diffusion
51
What conditions would DLCO be decreased?
Anything with alveolar inflammtion Emphysema Pulmonary fibrosis
52
What sort of problem is indicated if theres an Abnomral DLCO but normal CXR and spirometry ?
Problem with vascular part of membrane Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension Chronic thrombosis-embolism disease of lung
53
Look at slide 31, what condition does this patient likely have?
Restrictive lung disease FEV1:FVC > 0.7 TLC LOW DLCO LOW
54
What is an example of restricitve lung disease whihc will have a normal DLCO?
Kyphoscoliosis (Lungs have gotten smaller due to shape of thorax) Myasthenia gravis (neuromuscular)
55
Go to the last slide and label the flow-volume plots in image 3
1 = normal 2 = early obstruction 3 = obstructive lung disease 4 = restrictive lung disease
56
What is coal pneumoconiosis?
When dust and particles build up in the lungs leading to damage and inflammation which progresses to fibrosis (restrictive)
57
What is coal pneumoconiosis?
When dust and particles build up in the lungs leading to damage and inflammation which progresses to fibrosis (restrictive)
58
What may be some issues with technique in spirmometry?
Poor posture Poor seal Submaximal effort Cough Premature termination of exhalation
59
What are some advantages of peak flow meters?
Cheap portable Simple Assess efficiency of medication Can do by themselves
60
What are some disadvantages of peak flow meters?
Relies of patient cooperation Poor technique heavily effects it Effor tdependant

Y2 - Resp (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions