Lecture 15 Flashcards
How are chemicals classified?
By their mode of action
Name 6 modes of action
- Protein Denaturization
- Disrupting the phospholipioprotien membranes
- Suppression of cell wall synthesis
- Antimetabolites
- Inhibiting protein synthesis
- Inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis
What bonds are effected by protein coagulation
H bonds and disulfide bonds
Define narrow spectrum
It effects only a small number of microbes (commonly only g- or g+)
Do viruses have protoplasms?
No, they have proteins on the exterior
What does IV mean?
Intravenus
Is protein coagulation reversible?
No
Is protein coagulation cidal, static, or inhibitory?
Cidal
Is protein coagulation broad spectrum?
Yes, it is effective against G+ and G-, viruses, protazoa, fungi, and humans
What does protein coagulation kill?
Bacteria, viruses, protazoa, fungi, even humans
Define systemically
Interior of the body
Where are protein coagulation agents normally used?
Externally, not systemically
Name some Alkalies and Acids
HCl, H2SO4, HNO3 (Used mainly in research) and NaOH, KOH (also used mainly in research)
What is the mode of action for Alkalies and acids?
Protein coagulation
When are alkales and acids most commonly used?
In research due to strength
Is ammonia hydroxide (NH4OH) a sterilent?
No, it is a disinfectant
What is the mode of action of ammonia hydroxide?
Protein coagulation
What is benzoic acid commonly used as?
A preservative because it also acts as an antifungal (mostly in sodas)
What is the mode of action for benzoic acid?
Protein coagulation
What is propionic acid commonly used for?
An antifungal in breads
What is the mode of action for propionic acid
Protein coagulation
Name an salt of propionic acid
Calcium propionate
Name an example of benzoic acid
Sodium benzoate or potassium benzoate
Which of the following is used as an antifungal in bread?
- Sodium benzoate
- Potassium benzoate
- HNO3
- Calcium proprionate
- Calcium proprionate
How effective is phenol?
Intermediate effectiveness
T or F - Phenol remains effective in the presence of organic matter (feces, urine, vomit)
True
Against what kind of cell is phenol strongly microbiocidal against?
Vegetative cells
Name a vegetative cell that phenol is very effective against
Mycobacterium (which causes tuberculosis)
What does Mycobacterium cause?
Tuberculosis
Define analgesic
A painkiller
Which of the following is a painkiller?
- Propionic acid
- Benzoic acid
- Phenol
- Creol
- Phenol
Give 4 disadvantages of phenol
- Not reliably sporicidal (do not always kill spores), meaning that it is a disinfectant
- Not good against Hepatitis B
- Caustic, meaning that they burn
- Will accumulate in the environment and are difficult to get rid of
Define caustic
Burning
Which of the following is NOT an antifungal?
- Sodium Benzoate
- Phenol
- Calcium proprionate
- Propionic acid
- Phenol
What is phenol normally used as?
Disinfecting and a preservative in vaccines
Creolin, a type of Cresol, is commonly found where?
Commonly found in soaps, so as to make the creolin more soluable
Where is creolin commonly used?
Animal quarters
What is MkKesson? What does it kill?
A disinfectant with O-phenylphenol, containg 57% alcohol
Kills TB
How long must MkKesson be left on (at 25*C) to disinfect?
10 minutes
Where is O-phenylphenol used?
In the fields, to spray plants