Lecture 12 Flashcards
Control of Microorganisms
How can you physically control microorganisms?
Heat, radiation, or filtration
How can you chemically control microorganisms?
Antiseptics, antibiotics, and disinfectants
Define cidal agent
To kill
What is an example of cidal cleaning?
Washing hands with disinfectant
Define static agent
Doesn’t kill the organism, but doesn’t allow it to grow
Why is static inhibition useful?
It gives you body a chance to destroy the bacteria before it get out of control
Define inhibitor agent
Slowing the growth of the organism
Define ineffective agent
Does nothing, possibly due to resistance
T or F - Resistance is the only reason for an ineffective agent
False, anti-microbials are ineffective against spores for reasons other than resistance.
Name all the effects an agent can have on bacterial growth
Cidal (killing), static (no growth), inhibitor (slow growth) and ineffective
What are the three factors pertaining to the agent’s effectiveness?
Amount, time, and temperature
What factor is concentration under?
Amount for chemical agents
What factor is intensity under?
Amount for physical agents
T or F - increasing concentration of a chemical will generally increase effectiveness
True
At what range of concentration is alcohol most effective?
70-95%
Is alcohol most effective at 100%?
No, you need some water to help the alcohol do its job
T or F - Alcohol works on vegetative cells and spores
False, alcohol doesn’t work on spores
Does increasing time increase the effectiveness if the agent is inhibitory?
No, it only increases effectiveness of a cidal agent
Time only increases the effectiveness of what kind of agent?
Cidal agents
How long must something be rubbed with alcohol to be effective?
About 15 seconds
Does increasing temperature increase effectiveness?
Yes
What does Clostridium botulinum cause?
Botulism
How long would you have to boil something at 100*C to kill spores?
About 5-9 hours
Is boiling something at 100*C for 5-9 hours considered effective?
No, it takes too long to kill spores
T or F - Heating something at 113*C for 30 minutes is sporicidal
False, it takes an hour for 113* objects to become sporicidal
How long must you heat something at 113*C to become sporicidal?
1 hour
How long must you heat something at 116*C to become sporicidal?
30 minutes
How long must you heat something at 121*C to become sporicidal?
15 minutes
How long must you heat something at 135*C to become sporicidal?
3 minutes