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Cardiology > Lecture 15 > Flashcards

Lecture 15 Flashcards

1
Q

Modulating flow and pressure at the level of the tissues- micro control(2)

A

Myogenic response to stretch

endothelium dependent response to flow

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2
Q

Modulating flow and pressure at the level of the organ - local control

A

response to metabolic needs- metabolic hyperemia

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3
Q

Modulating flow and pressure at the level of the organism-macro control

A

involving the baroreflex- nerve pathways and hormones as mediators

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4
Q

Pressure changes in the vascular tree (4)

A

left ventricle is highest pressure and R atrium is almost at zero
diastolic pressure is the low of pulse pressure and systolic is the high
LV>arteries>arterioles>capillaries>venules/veins>R atrium
Vein pressure must be low in order to keep blood flowing

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5
Q

Factors that affect stroke volume(4)

A

COx TPR
CO=HRxSV
SV=EDV-ESV (contractility)
EDV-venous return

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6
Q

What are the points of control of blood pressure?(2)

A

Control of systemic arterial BP is MOST important mechanism for proper operation of cardiovascular system
control mechanisms designed to regulate arterial pressure called baroreflex

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7
Q

Components of the baroreflex (6)

A 
stimulus
sensory receptors ( high and low pressure)
afferent pathways
integrating center in CNS
efferent pathways
Effector organs
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8
Q

High pressure (arterial) baroreceptors(4)

A

are stretch receptors
respond rapidly to changes in pressure
buffer sudden changes
Adaptable- will get new set point

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9
Q

Location of arterial (high) baroreceptors and what they respond to(2)

A 
aortic baroreceptors (aortic arch)- respond to pulsatile flow
carotid sinus baroreceptors(collar of shirt)- response to non pulsatile stretch
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10
Q

Cardio pulmonary (low pressure) baroreceptors- what do they measure, where are they

A

pressure (stretch) receptors in atria at junctions of great veins and atria, ventricles and pulmonary veins
respond to absolute pressure (stretch) rather than change in pressure (venous return)

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11
Q

Nerve fibers from low pressure receptors run in _____ to ____________ in the brain

A

vagus nerve

medullary cardiovascular center

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12
Q

Afferent pathways of the baroreflex located within(2)

A

glossopharyngeal nerve CN9

vagus nerve CN10

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13
Q

Central integration of the baroreflex

A

Medullary Cardiovascular center in the brain stem

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14
Q

pressor regoin of medullary CV center provides

A

normal “tonic” sympathetic stimulation to blood vessels and heart

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15
Q

Depressor region of medullary CV center is

A

stimulated by baroreceptor firing and then inhibits sympathetic discharge from pressor region

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16
Q

Efferent Sympathetic nerve supply to

A 
Heart:
*SA node inc rate
*myocardium inc force
Blood vessels
*arterioles inc TPR
*veins inc venous return
think fight or flight for heart and BV
17
Q

Efferent parasympathetic nerve supply to

A

heart

*SA node dec rate

18
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System
Neurotransmitter
Receptors

A

Neurotransmitter at the effector organ is NA (or circulating Adr)
Receptors on the effector organ
*alpha 1 or 2 (contraction)
*Beta 1 or 2 (relaxation)

19
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System
Neurotransmitter
Receptors

A

neurotransmitter at effector organ is Ach

Receptors on effector organ- Muscarinic receptors

20
Q

Effector- HEART

change in force of contraction (inc)

A

sympathetic stimulation -> inc contractility (SV)

binding of NA to beta receptors -> inc Ca and inc force of contraction

21
Q

effector- heart

change in heart rate (inc and dec)

A

sympathetic stimulation-> inc HR
parasympathetic stimulation-> dec HR
CO=HRxSV

22
Q

Inc SV can be achieved by (2)

A

inc muscle length (venous return) (frank starling)

inc contractility by inc intracellular Ca during contraction

23
Q

Vasoconstriction of the arterioles leads to

A

inc TPR

24
Q

vasoconstriction of the veins leads to

A

inc venous return-> inc EDV-> inc SV

25
Q

Gastrointestinal vasculature ratio alpha and beta

A

more alpha than beta

inc sympathetic drive-> vasoconstriction

26
Q

Skeletal muscle vasculature ratio of alpha and beta

A

more beta than alpha

inc sympathetic drive will vasodilate (think fight or flight)

27
Q

Response to a chronic fall in cardiac filling

inc sympathetic drive also leads to (4)

A

activation of RAAS
Na and water retention
inc blood volume
Release of ADH

Cardiology (32 decks)

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