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EXCI 253 > Lecture 13 -Vertebrae and Intervertebral Discs > Flashcards

Lecture 13 -Vertebrae and Intervertebral Discs Flashcards

1
Q

How many vertebrae do we have

A

33 and 26 bones once it’s fuse

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2
Q

How many cervical vertebrae do we have

A

7

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3
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae do we have

A

12

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4
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae do we have

A

5

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5
Q

How many sacral vertebrae do we have

A

5

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6
Q

In how many individual segments does the Sacrum starts

A

5 bones

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7
Q

At what age does the Sacrum is completely fused

A

30 years old

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8
Q

How many coccygeal vertebrae (coccyx) do we have

A

4

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9
Q

At what age do we reach the perfect curve

A

At 10 year sold

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10
Q

Describe the cervical curve

A

Formed by 7 cervical vertebrae, convex anteriorly

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11
Q

Describe the thoracic curve

A

Formed by 12 thoracic vertebrae, convex posteriorly

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12
Q

Describe the lumbar curve

A

Formed by 5 lumbar vertebrae, convex anteriorly

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13
Q

Describe the sacral curve

A

Forme by 5 fused sacral vertebrae, kyphotic curve

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14
Q

Why is the spine shape like that

A

For balance and to evenly distribute pressure

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15
Q

Where is the first intervertebral disc

A

Between C2 and C3

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16
Q

What are the intervertebral discs made of

A

Fibrocartilage

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17
Q

How many intervertebral discs do we have

A

24

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18
Q

Where is the last intervertebral disc

A

L5 and S1

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19
Q

Why is there no intervertebral disc between C1 and C2

A

Because on C2 there is an extra projection/process so there is no space

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20
Q

What is the difference between C2 and the other cervical vertebrae

A

An extra process/projection

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21
Q

What is a Kyphotic curve

A

The primary curve

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22
Q

What are the primary curves

A

Thoracic, sacral and coccygeal

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23
Q

What is the lordotic curve

A

The secondary curve

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24
Q

What are the secondary curves

A

Cervical and lumbar

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25
Q

Why is the newborn in Kyphosis (in flexion)

A

It is a single curve when the baby is born

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26
Q

How does head extension is developed (cervical lordosis)

A

In prone time for the baby, when he uses his neck muscle to look around in extension then when have the cervical curve

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27
Q

Which vertebral curvature stays the same

A

The thoracic curve

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28
Q

When the lumbar lordosis develop

A

Within that first year

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29
Q

How does the lumbar lordosis develop

A

With the strength the baby uses to push up, get up, be on all fours and crawl

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30
Q

Do the sacral and coccygeal curves develop

A

It stays the same

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31
Q

What is the order of vertebral curvatures

A

1 -Thoracic curve (kyphotic)
2-Cervical curve (lordosis)
3-Lumbar curve (lordosis)
4-Sacral and Coccygeal curve (kyphotic)

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32
Q

What is the normal sequence of development

A

Fundamental. Transitional postures and functional

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33
Q

What is the fundamental development

A

Supine, prone, rolling, quadruped and crawling

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34
Q

What are the transitional postures

A

Sitting, kneeling and squatting

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35
Q

What is the functional development

A

Vertical (stand up) and gait (walking)

36
Q

What is kyphosis

A

Exaggeration of the kyphotic spine, rounded spine

37
Q

What is lordosis

A

Exaggeration of the lordosis curve (inward), cervical and lumbar

38
Q

What is scoliosis

A

A lateral deviation

39
Q

What is a functional scoliosis

A

Compensation and deviation of the spine

40
Q

What is structural scoliosis

A

When you are born with it

41
Q

How are the postural conditions affected

A

By the line of gravity

42
Q

What can we feel on a vertebrae

A

The spinous process

43
Q

What is the vertebral arch made of

A

The pedicules and lamina

44
Q

What does the vertebral body do

A

Bears the weight + disc and its the anterior part

45
Q

What is inside the vertebral foramen

A

The spinal cord

46
Q

What is the difference between vertebral foramen and the vertebral canal

A

Foramen: with one vertebra
Canal: when you put all of them on top of the other

47
Q

What is in the intervertebral foramen

A

The spinal nerves and where they come out

48
Q

How is the foramen formed

A

When the vertebra are on top of each other

49
Q

How is the spinous process on C2 to C6

A

Often bifid (split in two)

50
Q

How can you differentiate the cervical vertebrae from the other ones

A

The vertebral artery will pass through so there are holes on every cervical

51
Q

Why is C7 the most prominent vertebrae

A

Because it’s the last one and it has to transition with thoracic vertebrae

52
Q

What is the difference between C1 and the other cervical vertebrates

A

There is no body and no spinouss process and it looks like a ring

53
Q

What is the other name for C1

A

Atlas

54
Q

What is the other name for C2

A

Axis

55
Q

What is the movement allowed on the C2

A

The NO

56
Q

What is the joint between C1 and C2

A

Diarthrosis Synovial Pivot

57
Q

Which ligament attaches to C2

A

Transverse Atlantal Ligament

58
Q

Which part of C2 will allow the pivot

A

The dens

59
Q

Which ligament prevent injury to the spinal cord

A

The transverse ligament

60
Q

Which injury can be fatal

A

A whiplash injury/mechanism & a car accident

61
Q

What do the thoracic vertebrae attach to

A

The head of ribs and the sternum

62
Q

What does the thoracic vertebrae have on their bodies

A

Demi-facets

63
Q

What do the thoracic vertebrate have oh their body to attach on the sternum

A

Facets in the transverse process

64
Q

On which plane the faces are facing

A

The coronal plane

65
Q

What is the main movement for the thoracic vertebrae

A

Rotation

66
Q

What is not for rotation

A

Lumbar vertebrates

67
Q

On which plane do the facets of lumbar vertebrates are

A

Sagittal

68
Q

What are the main movements for the lumbar vertebrate

A

Flexion and extension

69
Q

How can you differentiate a lumbar vs cervical vs thoracic

A

The size

70
Q

What will rotation create for lumbar vertebrates

A

Griding

71
Q

What is the shape of the sacrum

A

A triangle

72
Q

What is the median sacral crest

A

The spinous processes

73
Q

What will pass through the anterior sacral foramen

A

Sacral nerves

74
Q

What is the Sacral canal

A

The continuation of the vertebral canal

75
Q

Where does the pelvis attach

A

At the auricular surface with the ilium

76
Q

What happens when we break the Coccyx

A

If it goes in: will damage the nerve, if it goes out: you can’t sit

77
Q

What type of joint is the sacroiliac joint

A

Diarthrosis Synovial Gliding

78
Q

What makes the Sacroiliac joint

A

Illium and Sacrum

79
Q

What are the ligaments of the Sacroiliac joint

A

Sacroiliac ligament, Iliolumbar ligament, sacrotuberous ligament and sacrospinous ligament

80
Q

Which ligament is more superficial to the sacrospinous ligament

A

The sacrotuberous ligament

81
Q

Where is the ligamentum nuchae

A

The neck, more superficially

82
Q

On which part of the vertebrae the intraverserse ligament will attach

A

Between the transverse processes

83
Q

Which ligament is inside the spinal canal

A

Posterior longitudinal ligament

84
Q

How is the ligamentum flavum

A

Inside the vertebral canal, from lamina to lamina going down

85
Q

What is the triangle of auscultation

A

Clinical landmark, they use it for diagnosis for an easy access to the lungs and the heart

EXCI 253 (14 decks)

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