Lecture 12: Disorders of sleep control system

Question 1

Hypnogogic = ______

Answer 1

Prior to falling asleep

Question 2

Hypnopompic = ______

Answer 2

waking from sleep

Question 3

Sleep paralysis is more common when in which position?

Answer 3

Supine (on back)

Question 4

What are the 3 major types of hallucinations associated with sleep paralysis?

Answer 4

1. intruder
2. incubus (suffocation)
3. Vestibular-motor (V-M; out-of-body)

Question 5

How are sleep paralysis and fear/anxiety related?

Answer 5

Increase incidence of SP; fear can arise due to suppression of respiratory control - possible activation of amygdala as brain tries to resolve emotional response by creating threat

Question 6

Sleep paralysis occurrence ______ with age

Answer 6

Decreases

Question 7

What is the mandatory feature of narcolepsy?

Answer 7

Excessive daytime sleepiness

Question 8

What are the 3 common features of narcolepsy?

Answer 8

1. cataplexy
2. hypno-gogic/-pompic hallucinations
3. sleep paralysis

Question 9

What is the relation between narcolepsy and orexin?

Answer 9

Narcoleptics have low or absent orexin; and possible receptor abnormality - disrupted sleep.

Question 10

How is narcolepsy treated?

Answer 10

planed naps, CNS stimulants, sodium oxybate, antidepressants for cataplexy

Question 11

What is REM behaviour disorder?

Answer 11

Loss of atonia during REM - act out, often violently

Question 12

What is the link between RBD and degenerative disorders?

Answer 12

Often precedes them by several years. Diagnosis for early prevention.

Question 13

How can one get into REM without SLD?

Answer 13

2 populations of SLD - one for flip-flop, one for atonia