Lecture 12: Aggression Flashcards
What is aggression?
- Behaviour intended to cause physical or psychological harm to another person
What is instrumental aggression?
- Aggression as a means to a goal other than causing pain
What is hostile aggression?
- Behaviour aimed at inflicting pain
Hobbes believed that people are….and that life would be…
- Aggressive by nature
- “Nasty, brutish, and short”
Freud believes in ____ and ____ instincts. The ____ instinct leads to aggression, and self- damaging behaviour. According to the hydraulic theory….. Also believed that the role of the government was to curb these instincts.
- Life
- Death
- Death
- The more you’re influenced by the life instinct, the less you are by the death instinct
Lorenz believed that…
- The environment influenced aggression
Darwin thought that aggression could have stemmed from adaptive problems such as …
- Acquiring responses
- Enhancing status
- Defence
- Sexual Rivalry
- Acquiring / regaining mates
Loosening of social constraints (anonymity) resulted in…
- Increased aggression
Diener et al. during a halloween experiment found that…
- When children were anonymous or in a group they stole more candy
- Not being able to be identified + being in a group are slightly different mechanisms
Deindividuation (being in a group) results in the loss of..
- Self-awareness
In the Stanford Prison Study…
- He had to cut the study off after two weeks because he feared for the welfare of his participants
Is aggression a learned behaviour? What theory supports this?
- Social learning theory
- Children who saw adults behave violently towards a BOBO doll were more likely to be violent themselves
- Live > Video > Cartoon > None
What is Numbing, Priming Aggressive Schemas, Informational/normative conformity, Interaction with pre-existing violent tendencies?
- You’ve seen so much violence in media that you’ve become less physiologically affected by it (won’t have same reaction)
- Observing people in the media may provide a way to categorise your event (not think of it as threatening)
- Arnold Schwarzenegger tells us what to do, we feel like violence is normal
One method of reducing prejudice is by using the contact hypothesis where…
- You merely expose them more
- School desegregation
- However this only affects explicit behaviour and not implicit behaviour
It’s not just contact that reduces prejudices, factors that influence the effect include…
- Equal social status
- Pursuit of common goals
- Institutional support
- Sustained, close, informal contact
