Lecture 12

Question 1

The “Forer effect” is…?

Answer 1

mock personality assessment

• people got back the same one, people thought this was pretty accurate
• descriptions sufficiently generalised and amenable to multiple interpretations
• accuracy rating increase as a function of positivity of the description and belief in the authority of the source

Question 2

Conceptual similarity critique

Answer 2

• validity of personality questionnaires
• personality traits simply reflect judgements of conceptual similarity
• did the analysis with boys on a summer camp
• personality traits are best thought of as reflecting perceived conceptual similarities among items

Question 3

Problems with conceptual similarity critique

Answer 3

• methodological confound: common method variance

- If this is true, why are judgements different for different people and similar for the same person

Question 4

Person-situation debate - construct validity and predictive validity (usefulness)

Answer 4

Mischel: 1) personality weakly predict behaviour
2) behaviour varies considerably over situations
= personality traits not useful, behaviour is driven by situations, not persons

Question 5

global personality traits are useful for predicting

Answer 5

state expressions across many situations

Question 6

a single state expression by a given individual in a specific situation

Answer 6

is substantially dependent on the characteristics of his or her situation

Question 7

What are strong situations characterised by?

Answer 7

1) clear behavioural expectations
2) incentives for compliance
3) individual ability to meet the demands of the situation

Question 8

Personality traits assess…

Answer 8

the beliveing self,
relatively biased record of actual experience
reflect semantic memory

Question 9

experiencing self

Answer 9

collect momentary reports, more costly and time consuming

Question 10

criticisms of lexical hypothesis

Answer 10

• adjectives too simple
• adjectives are ambiguous
• Reliance on layperson ratings

Question 11

Meyers-Briggs Type Indicator

Answer 11

Psychic functions:
Perceiving--> sensation
--> Intuition
Judging --> Thinking
--> Feeling
\+ Introvert - inward direction of energy
\+ Extravert - outward direction of energy
Classifications = ESFP 
                            INTP

Question 12

Criticisms of Meyer briggs

Answer 12

Reliability, Predictive validity, impartiality

Question 13

Taxometrics is

Answer 13

tests whether or not data can be modelled in terms of discrete categories