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Psychology > Lecture 11 - Personality And Personality Disorders > Flashcards

Lecture 11 - Personality And Personality Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

What type it research does nomothetic approach use?

A

Scientific and quantitative

Experiments/ controlled observations by which a hypothesis can be made

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2
Q

What are the 3 different kind of general laws?

A
  1. Classifying people into groups
  2. Establishing principles of behaviour that can be applied to everyone
  3. Establishing dimension on which people can be placed and compared
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3
Q

What is the nomothetic approach?

A

General laws of human behaviour can be used as a benchmark whereby people can be compared, measures and classified against
This allows for researchers to have a go at predicting likely future behaviour
The approach uses method which are most scientific in order to achieve objective research (experiment)
There is high control over variable
Large group of people can be studied and factors which make them similar can be identified

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4
Q

What is the Ideographic approach?

A

People are studied as individual entities, each with their own subjective experience, values and motivation
This approach tend to adopt method which produce quantitative method such as case studies, unstructured interviews abs self-report method
This provides for a more detailed, Rich research and a greater understanding of a person and their point of view

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5
Q

MBTI (Myers Briggs)

A

A personality inventory which categories an individual into one of 16 personality types depending on their preferences for how they perceive the world and make decisions
Based on psychodynamic personality theory that was developed by Carl Jung

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6
Q

Why design test? Myers Briggs

A

To help people understand themselves and each other so that they might choose to work in vocations that matched their personality types
People would be happier with their lives and the world would consequently be a better place

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7
Q

What are the 4 different dimension of MBTI?

A

Etraversion (E) - Introversion (I)
Sensing (S) - Intuition (N)
Thinking (T) - feeling (F)
Judging (J) - perceiving (P)

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8
Q

Describe MBTI dimension (E) - (I)

A

Whether your energy is directed outward toward world (E)

Or whether energy is directed inward to your own thoughts and ideas (I)

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9
Q

Describe MBTI dimension S-I

A

Whether you prefer to take in information from 5 senses (S)

Whether you prefer to receive information from unconscious (N)

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10
Q

Describe MBTI dimension of T-F

A

Whether you make decision with your head using logic and reasoning (T)
Or whether you decide with your heart using personal feelings and evaluation (F)

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11
Q

Describe the BMTI dimension of J-P

A

Whether you prefer to approach life in a planned, orderly and organised way (J)
Or whether you approach life more flexibility being spontaneous and open to options (P)

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12
Q

What is critics of MBTI?

A

It is lacking validity, reliability, scientific research evidence
Individuals only need to complete a short course in order to be qualified to administer MBTI
Doesn’t request the qualification of actual psychologists therefore is susceptible to misuse by organisation
MBTI is based on simplistic view of Jungs theory which is widely disregarded by contemporary psychologists

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13
Q

Plato (423-347 BC)

A

3 basic sources guiding human behaviour:
Reason
Emotion
Apetite

Reason is the highest value / most powerful

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14
Q

Aristotle

A

Psyche was the product of biological process
First individual to see connection between physical body and behaviour
Person who has a large forehead are slow to move
Those will a small forehead —> fickle

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15
Q

Rene Descartes

A

Primary site of interaction between mind and body is the pineal gland
Mind has control over behaviour of body
Body can Influence the mind

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16
Q

Frans Joseph Gal

A

Pseudomedicine
Focus on measurement of the human skill based on concept that brain is an organ of mind and that certain aspect of brain have a localised specific function

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17
Q

Hippocrates/ Galen

A

Humoral theory for temperament and health
4 humours/ bodily fluid held the secret for human health:
1. Phlegm - apathetic behaviour (lack of emotion)
2. Yellow - produce aggression
3. Black - produced depression
4. Blood - produced by liver

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18
Q

What are two different types of approaches in personality?

A

Nomothetic approach

Idiographic approach

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19
Q

Nomothetic approach

A

Concerned with studying what we share with others
Focuses on how common characteristic vary from person - person
Same metric to compare all people

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20
Q

What does nomothetic approach use?

A

Biological approach
When explaining a psychological disorder (OCD) they point to a biological factor such as neurotransmitter
Use biological therapy to treat disorder
applying the idea that neurotransmitter is cause of disorder and hence apply to a group of people to treat disease

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21
Q

Idiographic approach

A

Person centred approaches to studying personality
Focus on individual lives and how various characteristics are integrated into unique person
What makes each of us unique
Use different metric for each person
Case studies use this

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22
Q

What is used for military assignments?

A

Personality
Aptitude test
Clinical test

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23
Q

Questionnaires - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

A

Standardised psychometric of adult personality and psychopathology
Used to help develop treatment plans
Assist with differential diagnoses
Help answer legal questions
Objective measure - relatively direct assessment of personality based on info gathered through questionnaire

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24
Q

What does Validity scale include?

A

Omitted items:
L scale
F scale
K scale

25
Q

What is high L score indicative of?

A 
Person trying to create favourable impression
Rigid 
Moralistic 
Over estimates self 
Excessive used repression and denial 
Poor tolerance to stress and pressure 
Unoriginal in thinking 
Little awareness of consequences of his own action
26
Q

What is low L score indicative of?

A

Honest
Function effectively as a leader
Communicate ideas effectively
confident about self to admit minor faults

27
Q

What is MMPI-2-RF strength?

A

Names of scale reflect the content
Results are immediate and can be compared to other patients
Comparison groups

28
Q

What is MMPI-2-RF weaknesses?

A

Research is not well established because it is a newer test
Fewer items loading on each scale results in endorsement of a scale when only a limited number of items have contributed
New norm groups were not used

29
Q

Projective tests

A

Personality test that examine unconscious process by having people interpret ambiguous stimuli

30
Q

Myers-Briggs

A 
Categories individuals into one of 16 types 
4 letter Acynorms 
1. Introvert vs extrovert 
2. Intuition vs sensing 
3. Thinking vs feeling 
4. Judging vs perceiving
31
Q

Introvert vs extrovert

A

Introvert - shy and reversed

Extrovert - energised by interaction with people - prefer to move into action and make things happen

32
Q

Thinking vs feeling

A

Thinkers - make decision logically - logical explanations and believe truth is more important
Feeling - make decisions based on heart and compassion

33
Q

Intuition vs sensing

A

Sensing - pay attention to a physical world around them - notice facts and practically of things
Intuition - work with abstract - pay more attention to meaning and pattern - more interested in new possibilities

34
Q

Judging vs perceiving

A

Judging - seen as orderly, control over life through organisation, seen as list makers
Perceiving - flexible and spontaneous - adapt to world - mix work and play

35
Q

What are 8 elements of MBTI?

A 
Introversion
Extroversion
Sensing 
Intuition 
Thinking 
Feeling 
Judging 
Perceiving
36
Q

Phenomenological approach

A

Focused on people’s conscious experience of world

37
Q

Trait approach

A

How people differ psychologically

38
Q

Biological approach

A

Understand the mind in terms of body

39
Q

Psychoanalytic approach

A

Primary concern is with unconscious mind and internal mental conflict

40
Q

Humanistic approach

A

How conscious awareness produced uniquely human attribute

Understand meaning and basis of happiness

41
Q

Cross cultural approach

A

How the experience of reality varies across cultures

42
Q

Personality disorder

A

Inflexible pattern of inner experience and outward behaviour

43
Q

What is the main issue surrounding diagnosis of mental disorder centres?

A

Reliability and validity of diagnosis

44
Q

Inter-rather reliability

A

Extent to which psychiatrist can agree on some diagnoses when independently assessing patients

45
Q

Test re-test reliability

A

Where the same clinicians give the same diagnosis when presented with same information on separate occasion

46
Q

Cluster A

A

Eccentric and socially distant
Paranoid
Schizotypal
Schizoid

47
Q

Cluster B

A

Flamboyant and emotionally unstable
Anti social
Borderline/histrionic

48
Q

Cluster C

A 
Anxious 
Avoidant
Dependent 
Obsessive 
Compulsive
49
Q

Paranoid

A

Tense
Guarded
Suspicious
Holds grudges

50
Q

Schizoid

A

Socially isolated - restricted emotional expression

51
Q

Schizotypal

A

Peculiarities of thought
Appearance
Behaviour that are disconcerting to others
emotionally detached and isolated

52
Q

Histrionic

A 
Seductive behaviour 
Need immediate gratification
Constant reassurance 
Rapidly changing moods 
Shallow emotions
53
Q

Narcissistic

A

Self-absorbed
Expects special treatment and adulation
Envious of attention to others

54
Q

Borderline

A 
Cannot stand to be alone 
Intense 
Unstable mood and personal relationship 
Chronic anger 
Drug and alcohol abuse
55
Q

Anti social

A 
Manipulative 
Exploitative 
Dishonest 
Disloyal 
Lacking in gulf 
Habitually breaks social rules 
Childhood history of such behaviour 
Often in trouble with the law
56
Q

Avoidant

A

Easily hurt
Embarrassed
Few close friends
Sticks to routine to avoid new and possibly stressful experience

57
Q

Dependent

A

Want others to make decisions
Need constant advice and reassurance
Fears being abandoned

58
Q

Obsessive-compulsive

A 
Perfdctionistic
Overconscientious 
Indecisive 
Preoccupied with details 
Stuff 
Unable to express affection

Psychology (11 decks)

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