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Psychology > Lecture 1 - The Evolution Of Science > Flashcards

Lecture 1 - The Evolution Of Science Flashcards

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1
Q

Why is psychology important?

A

Psychology can help us understand other people and ourselves Psychology can help us improve our lives

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2
Q

What are the study of mental activity and behaviour based on?

A

Brain processes

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3
Q

What does mental activity let us perceive ?

A

The world; we use our senses - sight, smell, taste, hearing and touch to take in information from outside ourselves

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4
Q

What does behaviour refer to?

A

all of ours actions that result from sensing and interpreting information

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5
Q

What is critical thinking?

A

Systemically evaluating information to reach reasonable conclusions best supported by evidence

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6
Q

What are the 3 steps in becoming a skilled critical thinker?

A

What am I being asked to believe or accept? What evidence is provided to support the claim ? What are the most reasonable conclusions?

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7
Q

What does media report seek to grab?

A

Attention. Their claims may be based on psychological research, but they may be hype instead

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8
Q

What does thinking critically about claims in psychology help?

A

Daily life

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9
Q

What does listening to Mozart make people?

A

Smarter

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10
Q

Why is important to learn about psychology’s major issues, theories and controversies ?

A

Help succeed in academic work

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11
Q

What are important abilities learned from psychology?

A

Analysing information by breaking it into pieces Evaluating ideas by drawing conclusions about them Communicating about psychological concepts

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12
Q

What do teachers and education professionals need to understand?

A

How people’s thinking, social abilities, and behaviours develop over time

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13
Q

What do people in business, marketing, advertising and sales need to know?

A

How attitudes are formed or changed and how well people’s attitudes predict their behaviour

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14
Q

What are the philosophical questions?

A

Aristotle and Plato Nature/nurture debate: both nature and nurture influence our psychological development Mind/body problem: are the mind and body separate and distinct. Descartes and dualism: the mind and the body are separate yet intertwined

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15
Q

What are the school of thoughts?

A

Structuralism Functionalism Psychoanalytic theory Gestalt psychology Behaviourism Humanistic psychology Cognitive psychology

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16
Q

Structuralism

A

Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener Goal: identify basic parts, or structures, of the conscious mind

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17
Q

Functionalism

A

William James and Charles Darwin Goal: describe how the conscious mind aid adaptation to an environment

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18
Q

Psychoanalytic theory

A

Sigmund Freud Understand how unconscious thoughts cause psychological disorders

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19
Q

Gestalt Psychology

A

Max Wertheimer and Wolfgang Kohler Goal: study subjective perceptions as a unified whole

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20
Q

Behaviourism

A

John B Watson and B.F. Skinner Goal: describe behaviour in response to environmental stimuli

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21
Q

Humanistic Approach

A

Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers Goal: investigate how people become happier and more fulfilled; focus on the basic goodness of people

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22
Q

Cognitive Psychology

A

George Miller and Ulric Neisser Goal: explore internal mental processes that influence behaviour

23
Q

When did experimental psychology begin?

A

1879 when Wilhelm Wundt established the first psychology laboratory

24
Q

What is the purpose of laboratory

A

Identify basic parts, or structures, of conscious mind Reaction time experiments Introspection methods

25
Q

What is structuralism based on?

A

That conscious experience can be broken down into underlying parts

26
Q

Structuralism

A

Component of the conscious mind

27
Q

Functionalism

A

Purpose of the conscious mind Concerned with the adaptive purpose, or function of mind and behaviour

28
Q

Evolutionary theory

A

Natural selection aids survival

29
Q

What did Darwin’s idea deeply influence?

A

Science Philosophy Society

30
Q

Psychoanalytic theory

A

Unconscious conflict Freud used psychoanalysis to treat h conscious mental forces that conflicted with acceptable behaviour and produced psychological disorders While of personal experience is different from simply the sum of its parts

31
Q

Behaviourism

A

Stimuli and responses Emphasises he role of environmental forces in producing behaviour

32
Q

Humanistic Approach

A

Focus on positives Investigates how people grow to become happier and more fulfilled and focuses on people’s basic goodness How people are free to choose activities that make them happy and bring them fulfilment

33
Q

Cognitive psychology

A

Mental activity The study of how people think, learn and remember

34
Q

What is cognitive neuroscience interaction of?

A

Cognitive psychologists Computer scientists Philosophers Brain researchers

35
Q

What are the four levels of analysis used by psychologists?

A

Biological level Individual level Social level Cultural level

36
Q

Biological level

A

How the physical body influences our thoughts and behaviour

37
Q

Individual level

A

Focuses on individual differences in personality and mental processes that affect perception and understanding

38
Q

Social level

A

Investigating how groups affect people’s interactions and people’s influence on each other

39
Q

Cultural level

A

Explores how people’s thoughts, feelings, and actions are similar or different across cultures

40
Q

What does biological focus on?

A

Brain systems Neurochemistry Genetics

41
Q

What is studied in brain systems?

A

Neuroanatomy, animal research and brain imaging

42
Q

What is studied in neurochemistry?

A

Neurotransmitters and hormones Animal and drug studies

43
Q

What is studied in genetics?

A

Gene mechanism, heritability, twin and adoption studies

44
Q

What do individual level focus on?

A

Individual differences Perception and cognition Behaviour

45
Q

What is studied in individual differences?

A

Personality, gender, developmental age groups, self-concept

46
Q

What is studied in perception and cognition?

A

Thinking, decision making, language, attention, memory, vision

47
Q

What is studied in behaviour?

A

Observable actions, responses, physical movements

48
Q

What do social level focus on?

A

Interpersonal behaviour Social cognition

49
Q

What is studied in interpersonal behaviour?

A

Groups, relationships, persuasion, influence, workplace interaction

50
Q

What is studied in social cognition?

A

Attitudes, stereotypes and perceptions

51
Q

What does cultural level focus on?

A

Thoughts, actions, behaviours in different societies and cultural groups

52
Q

What is studied in cultural level?

A

Norms, beliefs, values, symbols, ethnicity

53
Q

What are the subfield or research related sub fields in psychology?

A

Biological Cognitive Developmental Personality
Social Cultural Clinical.
Industrial/organisational

Psychology (11 decks)

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